Chapter 8 Quiz

Question 1

What natural resources did Canada export in the 1800s?

Answer 1

Wheat, cheese, beef, pork, Pacific/Atlantic seafood, lumber, etc.

Question 2

How did the Canadian economy change after the completion of the CPR

Answer 2

After the CPR was complete in 1885, Canada started manufacturing “finish products” (ex. raw lumber turns into pulp and paper) after 1890.

Question 3

What is industrialization?

Answer 3

A technological and economic shift in a society in which manufacturing and mass production become a significant part of the economy, usually accompanied by increasing urbanization

Question 4

What social and cultural changes does industrialization bring?

Answer 4

1. population growth
2. reliable and all-weather form of transportation
3. more wealth to invest in industry improvement and expansion
4. reliable power source
5. favourable government policies

Question 5

How did the source of power change with industrialization?

Answer 5

After the first Industrial Revolution, many factories relied on steam power.

In early 1900s, a hydro-power station in Shawinigan provided power to Montreal.

A hydro-power station in Niagara Falls provided power to southern Ontario.

Question 6

How did population growth change with industrialization?

Answer 6

In 1885 (CPR), Canada’s population is 4.5 million (up 1 million from 1867)

In 1895, Canada’s population is over 5 million.

In 1905, Canada’s population is over 6 million.

In 1914, Canada’s population is about 8 million.

In 1871, Winnipeg’s population is 250. In 1900, Winnipeg’s population is 42 000.

Question 7

How did population growth affect Canadian manufacturing?

Answer 7

Population growth created a local market for Canadian manufacturers and provided a workforce.

Under the National Policy, companies were protected from tariffs, allowing manufacturing to expand.

American companies built branch plants in Canada to avoid Canadian tariffs.

Question 8

What are the consequences of industrialization?

Answer 8

1. Urban population increases, rural decreases (less farming)
2. Low-income areas develop in cities (immigrants, over-crowded, few municipal services)
3. New resources are discovered and exploited (nickel, zinc, iron, coal, oil)
4. Standard of living rises, middle class emerges, income gap grows
5. Working class grows in numbers (low wages, little political influence, low-skill and repetitive tasks)
6. Women enter the workforce with 30-50% less pay
7. Young children enter the workforce (poorly paid and exploited)
8. Work-week is 6 days, 10-12 hours per day
9. No protection for poor and unskilled label (no min. wage law, max. hour law, workplace safety, compensation)
10. Canada women seek the right of enfranchisement