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Psychatric & Mental Health > Chapter 8 Questions > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Questions Flashcards

0
Q

Excitatory neurotransmitter found in distinct regions on the CNS and is involved in cognition, motor, and neuroendocrine functions

A

Dopamine

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1
Q

Primary cholinergic neurotransmitter

A

Acetylcholine

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2
Q

Excitatory neurotransmitter that plays a major role in generating and maintaining mood states

A

Norepinephrine

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3
Q

Neurotransmitter that plays a role in emotions, cognition, sensory perceptions, and essential biologic functions

A

Serotonin

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4
Q

Primary cholinergic neurotransmitter found in greatest concentration in the peripheral nervous system

A

Acetylcholine

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5
Q

Sympathetic response on the lungs

A

Relaxation of bronchial muscles

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6
Q

Parasympathetic response on the lungs

A

Bronchoconstruction and secretion from bronchial glands

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7
Q

What does serotonin play a role in

A

Emotions, cognition, sensory perceptions, and essential body functions like sleep and appetite

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8
Q

Part of the brain that regulates postural balance and positioning

A

Cerebellum

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9
Q

Function of hypothalamus

A

Temperature regulation

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10
Q

Functions as a regulatory structure to relay all sensory information, except smell, sent to the CNS from the PNS

A

Thalamus

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11
Q

Involved in storing information, especially the emotions attached to memories

A

Hippocampus

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12
Q

Where is the Broca’s area

A

Frontal lobe

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13
Q

What controls the motor function of speech

A

Broca’s area

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14
Q

What does the damage to the Broca’s area produce

A

Expressive aphasia or difficulty with the motor movements of speech

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15
Q

Primarily responsible for receptive speech

A

Wernicke’s area

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16
Q

Basic emotions, needs, drives, and instinct begin and are modulated in the ______

A

Limbic system

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17
Q

The ________ are involved with motor functions and association in both learning and the programming of behavior or activities that are repetitive and, done over time, become automatic

A

Basal ganglia

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18
Q

Which neurotransmitter is decreased in those with Parkinson’s disease

A

Dopamine

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19
Q

A decrease in what neurotransmitter has been implicated in seizure disorders

A

GABA

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20
Q

Does the extrapyramidal motor system control memory and vision?

A

No

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21
Q

What is controlled by the extrapyramidal motor system

A

Muscle tone, common reflexes, and automatic voluntary motor functioning like waking

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22
Q

What neuropeptide suppresses pain and modulates mood and stress

A

Endorphins

23
Q

Primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS

A

GABA

24
Q

What is the space where the electrical intercellular signal becomes a chemical extra cellular signal?

A

Synaptic cleft

25
Q

Which neurotransmitters reduce the membrane potential and enhance the transmission of signal between neurons

A

Excitatory neurotransmitters

26
Q

Which neurotransmitters slow down never impulses

A

Inhibitory neurotransmitters

27
Q

Decreased norepinephrine has been associated with ________ and excessive norepinephrine has been associated with _________.

A

Decreased- depression

Excessive- manic symptoms

28
Q

Arousal is main function also deals with attention

A

Reticular formation

29
Q

Components of hindbrain

A

Medulla, pons, reticular formation, cerebellum

30
Q

Components of midbrain

A

Mostly tectum

31
Q

Components of brain stem

A

Cranial nerves

32
Q

Components of forebrain

A

Limbic system, thalamus, hypothalamus, cerebrum

33
Q

Sensory relay system

A

Thalamus

34
Q

What is the Circle of Willis

A

Insurance policy. If one pathway gets blocked then blood can find another way around it

35
Q

How many cervical spine

A

8

36
Q

How many thoracic spine

A

12

37
Q

How many lumbar spine

A

5

38
Q

How many sacral spine

A

5

39
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there from brain stem to cauda equina

A

31

40
Q

Where does cauda equina start and stop

A

Starts at T12-L1 and goes to coccyx

41
Q

Acronym for knowing sensory or motor for cranial nerves

A

Some say marry money but my brother says big brains mean more

42
Q

Function of Pre central gyrus

A

Motor

43
Q

Function of post central gyrus

A

Sensory

44
Q

All motor neurons synapse in _______

A

Gray matter

45
Q

Motor pathway

A

Efferent

Descending

46
Q

Sensory pathway

A

Afferent

Ascending

47
Q

Depolarization is the ______ of _____

A

Influx of sodium

48
Q

Repolarization is the _______ of ______

A

Outflux of potassium

49
Q

What is NMDA

A

Memory drug. Mimics glutamine which is an excitatory drug that enhances creation of memory

50
Q

Functions of dopamine pathways

A

Reward (motivation), pleasure/euphoria, motor function (fine tuning), compulsion, perseveration

51
Q

Functions of serotonin pathway

A

Mood, memory processing, sleep, cognition

52
Q

What are cortisol, norepinephrine, and epinephrine/adrenaline produced by? What are they involved in regulating?

A

Adrenal gland, involved in regulating bodily functions during stressful and emotional states

53
Q

Difference in CT and MRI

A

CT is X-ray and MRI is magnets

54
Q

How is the nervous system organized

A

By function

55
Q

How are neurotransmitters released

A

By terminals on axons

56
Q

Neurons are organized into ________

A

Sensorimotor circuits

Psychatric & Mental Health (11 decks)

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