Chapter 8 - Population Ecology

Question 1

A group of individuals of the same species inhabiting a given area is called a(n) ________.

Answer 1

population

Question 2

An individual tree or plant produced by sexual reproduction and thus arising from a zygote is a genetic individual’ known as a(n) ________.

Answer 2

genet

Question 3

The ________ of a population describes its spatial location’ the area over which it occurs

Answer 3

distribution

Question 4

As a result of environmental heterogeneity’ most populations are divided into smaller populations’ referred to as local ________

Answer 4

subpopulation

Question 5

________ defines the size of a population, the number of individuals in it

Answer 5

Abundance

Question 6

Population ________ is the number of individuals per unit area, or per unit volume.

Answer 6

Density

Question 7

Because a direct count of all individuals within a population is often impossible, population density is usually estimated by one or more methods of ________

Answer 7

sampling

Question 8

Counting the total number of individuals within a square or rectangle of known area, referred to as a(n)________’ is a sampling method that is commonly used to study plants or other sessile animals

Answer 8

quadrat

Question 9

Populations can be divided into three ecologically important age classes: pre-reproductive, reproductive, and ________.

Answer 9

postreproductive

Question 10

A graph that compares the relative number of individuals within different age groups of a population is called an age ________.

Answer 10

pyramid

Question 11

In most mammalian populations, the ________ sex ratio at birth is often weighted toward males

Answer 11

secondary

Question 12

Individuals moving from another location into a subpopulation is referred to as ________.

Answer 12

immigration

Question 13

A round-trip movement of an individual from one place to another and back again is called ________.

Answer 13

migration

Question 14

The primary factors driving the dynamics of population abundance are the demographic processes of ________ and ________.

Answer 14

birth; death

Question 15

Which of the following is not a feature of a population;?
A) size
B) density
C) number of species
D) distribution

Answer 15

C) number of species

Question 16

Which of the following is not a feature of a population?
A. size
B. density
C. number of species
D. distribution

Answer 16

C. number of species

Question 17

A module that is produced asexually by an original genetic individual' which may remain physically linked to the parent or ma$ be separate' is referred to as a
A. genet
B. ramet
C. clone
D. bud

Answer 17

B. ramet

Question 18

Which of the following represents a modular organism?
A. lizard
B. Coral
C. Dog
D. ant

Answer 18

B. Coral

Question 19

A group of local subpopulations is called a(an)
A. community
B. species
C. metapopulation
D. ecogroup

Answer 19

C. metapopulation

Question 20

The area inhabited by all individuals of a particular species is known as this population's
A. geographic range
B. density
C. ecosystem
D. habitat

Answer 20

A. geographic range

Question 21

A population’s density is calculated as the
A. area over which the population is distributed.
B. number of individuals within the population.
C. unit of area divided by the number of individuals.
D. number of individuals per unit area.

Answer 21

D. number of individuals per unit area.

Question 22

In populations of animals that defend an area for their own exclusive use or in plants thatcompete intensively for belowground resources such as water or nutrients' the spatial distributionof individuals is usually
A. homogenous.
B. clumped.
C. random.
D. uniform.

Answer 22

D. uniform

Question 23

An ecologist counts the number of individuals in five samples of equal area for four species of organisms. Which of these counts best represents a clumped population?
A. 23, 21, 25, 22, 18
B. 133, 124, 113, 128, 119
C. 47, 18, 93, 12, 28
D. 12, 13, 12, 13, 11

Answer 23

C. 47, 18, 93, 12, 28

Question 24

Which of the following sampling techniques represents an index of abundance rather than anestimate of density;
A. number of oak trees within a quadrat
B. number of bear droppings along a trail
C. ratio of marked and unmarked mice in a field
D. number of ducks on a pond

Answer 24

B. number of bear droppings along a trail

Question 25

The age of a tree is best approximated by A) estimating tree height. B) counting tree growth rings. C) measuring the diameter of a trunk at breast height (dbh). D) counting the number of leaves.

Answer 25

counting tree growth rings

Question 26

The demographic age pyramid of a rapidly growing population is A) wide at the base' narrow at the top. B) wide at the top' narrow at the bottom. C) wide at top and bottom' narrow in the middle. D) similarly wide from top to bottom

Answer 26

A. wide at the base' narrow at the top.

Question 27

``` The movement of individuals in space is called A) distribution. B) migration. C) dispersal. D) density ```

Answer 27

C. dispersal

Question 28

``` An ecologist spent a year studying the population dynamics of a species of duck on a lake. At the beginning of the year' there were 86, adults. Of these' 16 adults left the lake' 12 adults arrived on the lake from elsewhere' 76, chicks hatched from eggs' 24 chicks survived to become adults'and 8 adults died. How many individuals emigrated? A. 8 B. 12 C. 16 D. 24 ```

Answer 28

C. 16

Question 29

``` Which of the following organisms is listed as a Federal Noxious Weed because of its profound negative impacts on ecosystems of the southeastern United States; A. gypsy moth B. corn C. ivy D. kudzu ```

Answer 29

D. kudzu

Question 30

The members of a population often belong to different species.

Answer 30

False

Question 31

A genet is produced asexually.

Answer 31

False

Question 32

A ramet is genetically identical to its original parent

Answer 32

True

Question 33

An individual plant is often more difficult to recognize than an individual animal

Answer 33

True

Question 34

The distribution of species is rarely determined by minimum and maximum temperature tolerances.

Answer 34

False

Question 35

Most populations are divided into subpopulations.

Answer 35

True

Question 36

A uniform distribution of individuals within a population occurs if each individual's position isindependent of others' positions.

Answer 36

False

Question 37

The most common spatial distribution among individuals within a population is clumped.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

Ecological density is a measure of the number of individuals per unit of available living space

Answer 38

True

Question 39

The density of a population is usually measured by counting every individual.

Answer 39

false

Question 40

A quadrat is usually used to measure density in mobile populations of animals

Answer 40

false

Question 41

The age of a fish can be determined by counting the annual rings of otoliths (ear stones)

Answer 41

True

Question 42

Small trees are often the same age as large individuals in the canopy.

Answer 42

True

Question 43

The sex ratio in a population is usually fixed and does not vary among age classes

Answer 43

False

Question 44

All animals disperse actively' whereas all plants disperse passively.

Answer 44

False

Question 45

Unlike the one-way movement of an individual in emigration and immigration' migrationrefers to round-trip movements

Answer 45

True