Chapter 8 Photosynthesis Flashcards
Chapter 8
In a leaf, the thick layer of cells that are rich in chloroplasts is called the ____
mesophyll
After making ATP and NADPH with the help of sunlight energy, plants use them to synthesize organic molecules from Blank______.
Multiple choice question.
CH4
H2O
CO2
glucose
CO2
The steps of photosynthesis that require light are commonly known as the ____ reactions.
light-
dependent
Oxygenic photosynthesis is carried out by which of the following organisms?
Multiple choice question.
Green sulfur bacteria
Purple bacteria
Heliobacteria
Cyanobacteria
Cyanobacteria
The term carbon fixation refers to Blank______.
Multiple choice question.
the process of converting carbon dioxide into organic molecules
the transport of organic molecules produced during photosynthesis in the leaves to other parts of the plant, such as roots
the ability of plants to use cellular respiration to break down the organic molecules they have produced in photosynthesis
the ability of plants to uptake carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
the process of converting carbon dioxide into organic molecules
In a green plant, the majority of photosynthesis takes place in Blank______.
Multiple choice question.
the flowers
the stem/trunk
the leaves
the fruit
the roots
the leaves
In a chloroplast, chlorophyll molecules that capture light energy are found in the internal, or inner membrane, which is also called the
____
membrane.
thylakoid
Which of the following is made during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
Multiple choice question.
Water
Carbon monoxide
Carbon dioxide
NADPH
NADPH
The formation of organic molecules from carbon dioxide is called Blank______.
Multiple choice question.
carbon dioxide fixation
carboxylation
carbon fixation
decarboxylation
carbon fixation
Choose the three compartments of the chloroplast.
Multiple select question.
Thylakoids
Thylakoid lumen/Intermembrane space
Matrix
Stroma
Cristae
Thylakoids
Thylakoid lumen/Intermembrane space
Stroma
The cyclic reactions in carbon fixation do not require which of the following?
Multiple choice question.
Light
ATP
NADPH
CO2
Light
Which of the following is not part of chloroplasts?
Multiple choice question.
Stroma
Grana
Cristae
Thylakoids
Cristae
Visible light is characterized by wavelengths between Blank______.
Multiple choice question.
400 and 740 nm
740 and 1100 nm
1 and 100 nm
400 and 740 nm
Why are the cyclic reactions in carbon fixation also referred to as light-independent reactions?
Multiple choice question.
Because they occur regardless of the source of light (sunlight or artificial light, from a bulb)
Because they can occur whether or not light is present.
Because they can only occur when light is not present.
Because they can occur whether or not light is present.
A particle of light that acts as a discrete bundle of energy is called Blank______.
Multiple choice question.
a proton
a photon
a photoelectron
an excited electron
a photon
Pigment molecules capturing photons in the chloroplast are organized in distinct structures called ___
photosystems
A leaf that appears to be green to the human eye contains pigment molecules that are Blank______.
Multiple choice question.
red, the complementary color of green
absorbing green light
reflecting green light
reflecting green light
electromagnetic ____ encompasses all possible wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation and includes visible light.
spectrum
A beam of light can remove electrons from certain molecules, creating electrical current. What is this phenomenon called?
Multiple choice question.
Photoelectric effect
Electron effect
Light effect
Light electric effect
Photoelectric effect
A photon, or a particle of light, acts as a discrete bundle of
____
energy
Photosynthetic pigments in the chloroplast are organized into distinct clusters known as Blank______.
Multiple choice question.
stroma
thylakoids
photosystems
–
grana
-
photosystems
The removal of electrons from certain molecules by a beam of light is known as the
___
effect.
photoelectric
In the visible spectrum, light energy may be absorbed by boosting
_____ to higher atomic energy levels, sometimes called energy shells.
electrons
A graph depicting the efficiency of photon absorption by a pigment molecule as a function of photon wavelength is known as the Blank______.
Multiple choice question.
photosynthetic spectrum of the pigment
action spectrum of the pigment
absorption spectrum of the pigment
photoelectric spectrum of the pigment
absorption spectrum of the pigment
Which describes chlorophyll b?
Multiple choice question.
It is only found in photosystem I.
It is an accessory pigment.
It is responsible for cyclic electron flow.
It is only found in photosystem II.
It is an accessory pigment.
How does the structure of chlorophyll enable its photosynthetic function?
Multiple choice question.
An electron can be excited by a photon and become delocalized in the porphyrin ring.
The magnesium ion serves as a biological battery, facilitating the synthesis of ATP.
The hydrocarbon tail creates nonpolar interactions, influencing the three-dimensional shape of the chlorophyll.
Electrons are sequestered in the interior portion of the porphyrin ring, until they can be transferred to another molecule.
An electron can be excited by a photon and become delocalized in the porphyrin ring.
The
___
spectrum of photosynthesis shows the relative effectiveness of different wavelengths of light in promoting photosynthesis.
action
____ are accessory photosynthetic pigments that consist of carbon rings linked to chains with alternating single and double bonds.
carotenoids
A chlorophyll molecule is made of a
porphyrin
ring and a
hydrocarbon
tail.
How is the output of photosynthesis related to the amount of light available at different light intensities?
Multiple choice question.
Saturation at low light intensities and linear increase at high light intensities
Linear decrease at low light intensities and saturation at high light intensities
Linear increase at both low and high light intensities
Linear increase at low light intensities and saturation at high light intensities
Linear increase at low light intensities and saturation at high light intensities
What is the name for the relative effectiveness of different wavelengths of light in promoting photosynthesis?
Multiple choice question.
The photosystem
The electromagnetic spectrum
The action spectrum
The action spectrum
Question Mode
Fill in the Blank Question
Fill in the blank question.
A photosystem consists of two components, a(n)
____
complex and a(n)
____
center.
antenna, reaction
Almost all photosynthetic organisms capture light using Blank______.
Multiple choice question.
lipid-pigment complexes
individual chlorophyll molecules located in the membrane
photosystems
photosystems
role of __ -harvesting complex in a photosystem is to directly absorb photons of light.
light
Once a photon is captured by the light harvesting complex, the pigments in it transfer Blank______.
Multiple choice question.
pairs of excited electrons
the energy of excited electrons but not electrons themselves
individual excited electrons
photons with the same wavelength as the one that was initially captured by the photosystem
the energy of excited electrons but not electrons themselves
How is the reaction center positioned in the membrane?
Multiple choice question.
It is a transmembrane complex.
It is on the inner surface of the membrane.
It is on the outer surface of the membrane.
It is a transmembrane complex.
The excited chlorophyll in the reaction center acts as a strong electron donor and transfers its electron to Blank______.
Multiple choice question.
a carotenoid molecule in the reaction center
the primary acceptor
another chlorophyll molecule in the reaction center
water
the primary acceptor
The first stage of the thylakoid (or light-dependent) reactions is the _____ _____
primary photoevent, proton captured by a pigment
During the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis, an excited electron is transferred from chlorophyll in the reaction center to an acceptor molecule; this stage in the thylakoid reactions is also known as charge ___
separation
Protons are pumped across the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast during the
____ ____
stage of the thylakoid (or light-dependent) reactions.
electron transport
The electron that is transferred out of the chlorophyll in the reaction center is restored from a nearby weak electron ____
donor
In anoxygenic bacteria, excited electrons that are transferred out of the photosystem eventually return back to the chlorophyll in the reaction center; this process is known as Blank______.
Multiple choice question.
primary photophosphorylation
non-cyclic photophosphorylation
secondary photophosphorylation
cyclic photophosphorylation
cyclic photophosphorylation
Where do the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur in the chloroplast?
Multiple choice question.
In the stroma
In the thylakoid lumen
In the outer chloroplast membrane
In the thylakoid membrane.
In the thylakoid membrane.
What occurs during the charge separation stage of the thylakoid reactions?
Multiple choice question.
Charged protons are transported across the thylakoid membrane.
ATP is synthesized using a gradient of protons.
An excited electron is transferred to an acceptor molecule.
An excited electron is transferred to an acceptor molecule.
Chloroplasts have
___
type(s) of photosystem(s).
2
Anoxygenic bacteria have how many photosystems?
____
1
Photosystem I contains the pigment Blank______.
Multiple choice question.
P840
P680
P700
P870
P700
Which of the following describes the photosynthetic enhancement effect?
Multiple choice question.
The rate of photosynthesis is fastest in the presence of red and far-red wavelengths of light together.
The rate of photosynthesis is fastest in the presence of red wavelengths of light only.
The rate of photosynthesis is fastest in the presence of far-red wavelengths of light only.
The rate of photosynthesis is fastest in the presence of green wavelengths of light only.
The rate of photosynthesis is fastest in the presence of red and far-red wavelengths of light together.
he process in which electrons from water move through PSII and PSI and ultimately to NADPH is also known as
_____ ____ _____
non cyclic photophosphorylation
Which of the following is associated with the reaction center of Photosystem II?
Multiple choice question.
RUBISCO (ribulose bis-phosphate carboxylase)
NADP+ reductase
P680
P700
Pigments
P680
Which photosystem’s main function is to generate high-energy electrons for the synthesis of ATP?
Multiple choice question.
Photosystem I
Photosystem II
Neither photosystem
Both photosystems
Photosystem II
In chloroplasts, when the two photosystems work in series, electrons ejected from the photosystems do not return to them, which is known as Blank______.
Multiple choice question.
noncyclic photophosphorylation
cyclic photophosphorylation
oxygenic photophosphorylation
NADPH based photophosphorylation
noncyclic photophosphorylation
How do plants benefit from having two linked photosystems?
Multiple choice question.
It allows them to use electrons from water to reduce NADP+.
Having two photosystems also makes the light-independent reactions more efficient.
It allows them to make ATP.
It allows them to use electrons from water to reduce NADP+.
Photophosphorylation produces
, which stores chemical energy that can be used for the Calvin cycle. Carbon fixation also requires reducing power, which is provided by
produced by photosystem I.
ATP and NADPH
The Calvin cycle is also known as
photosynthesis because the first intermediate of the cycle contains three carbon atoms.
3C
What is the function of the enzyme rubisco?
Multiple choice question.
It regenerates RuBP so that the Calvin cycle can continue.
It pumps protons in the thylakoid space.
It catalyzes the addition of carbon dioxide to RuBP.
It catalyzes the final step in the synthesis of glucose in the chloroplast.
It catalyzes the addition of carbon dioxide to RuBP.
