Chapter 11 Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis Flashcards
Sperm and egg cells are known as which of the following?
Multiple choice question.
Gametes
Zygotes
Meiotic cells
Somatic cells
Gametes
When two gametes fuse, they produce a single cell with twice the chromosomes of each gamete. This new cell is called a(n) Blank______.
Multiple choice question.
egg
embryo
zygote
zygote
Which of the following statements accurately describes meiosis?
Multiple choice question.
Meiosis is a special division that produces gametes with half the normal number of chromosomes.
In meiosis, two gametes with half the chromosomes of normal cells fuse to produce a cell with the normal number of chromosomes.
Once they are produced from the germ line, gametes undergo meiosis to produce even more gametes.
Meiosis is a special division that produces gametes with half the normal number of chromosomes.
Gametes are haploid which means that they contain how many sets of chromosomes?
Multiple choice question.
Three
Two
One
One
The two types of gametes typically produced by multicellular eukaryotic organisms are Blank______.
Multiple select question.
somatic cell
sperm cells
egg cells
testes
sperm cells
egg cells
A human gamete contains how many chromosomes?
Multiple choice question.
22
46
Reason: A human somatic cell contains 46 chromosomes (23 pairs). A gamete contains half that number (one chromosome of each pair), or 23 chromosomes.
23
6
23
When two gametes (a sperm and an egg) unite, they produce a single cell called a(n)
___
zygote
In most animals, the Blank______ state of the life cycle is much larger than the Blank______ state of the life cycle.
Multiple choice question.
triploid; diploid
meiotic; mitotic
diploid; haploid
haploid; diploid
diploid; haploid
____ is a reduction division which produces cells with half the normal number of chromosomes.
meiosis dumbass
What type of division (meiosis or mitosis) does the diploid zygote of an animal have to go through (usually many times) in order to give rise to all of the cells in the adult body?____
mitosis
An organism is diploid when its cells carry which of the following?
Multiple choice question.
Four sets of chromosomes
Three sets of chromosomes
Six sets of chromosomes
Two sets of chromosomes
Two sets of chromosomes
In animals, the cells that will eventually perform meiosis to produce gametes are called
____ _____
cells
germ-line
When reproduction is achieved through meiosis and subsequent fertilization, it is called
____
reproduction.
sexual
Which of the following accurately pairs animal somatic and germline cells with the number of chromosomes in them.
Multiple choice question.
Somatic cells:diploid; Germline cells:haploid
Somatic cells:haploid; Germline cells:haploid
Somatic cells:diploid; Germline cells:diploid
Somatic cells:haploid; Germline cells:diploid
Somatic cells:diploid; Germline cells:diploid
In sexually reproducing organisms, which type(s) of cell division requires two sequential rounds of division?
Multiple choice question.
Mitosis
Both mitosis and meiosis
Meiosis
Meiosis
Synapsis (or pairing) of homologous chromosomes occurs during which process?
Multiple choice question.
Meiosis
Mitosis
Both meiosis and mitosis
Meiosis
Which process is responsible for the production of the adult body of an animal from a zygote?
Multiple choice question.
Meiosis
Reason: A zygote is a single cell. In order to produce an adult animal that cell has to undergo many mitotic divisions. Meiosis will typically not occur until the animal is producing gametes.
Fertilization
Mitosis
Mitosis
During prophase I, all four chromatids of the two homologues become closely associated as a result of pairing, forming a structure known as a(n) _____
synapsis
Germ line cells are different from somatic cells in that germ line cells produce which of the following?
Multiple choice question.
Diploid daughter cells
Genetically identical daughter cells
Haploid gametes
Haploid gametes
Both somatic and germline cells are diploid. However, Blank______.
Multiple choice question.
germline cells undergo mitosis, while somatic cells can undergo meiosis
somatic cells undergo mitosis, while germline cells can undergo meiosis
only somatic cells can undergo mitosis
only somatic cells can undergo both mitosis and meiosis
somatic cells undergo mitosis, while germline cells can undergo meiosis
How many rounds of cell division are required for meiosis?
Multiple choice question.
1
4
2
3
2
What involves a physical exchange of DNA segments between homologous chromosomes?
Multiple choice question.
Crossing over
Chiasma
Bivalent formation
Crossing over
During meiosis, homologous chromosomes become closely associated in the process of pairing, ___
synapsis
What is the name for the sites of crossing over in a chromosome?
Multiple choice question.
Centromere
Chiasmata
Kinetochore
Centrosome
Chiasmata
In many species, homologues become connected during meiosis I by a complex structure called the Blank______.
Multiple choice question.
cohesin/condensin complex
kinetochore complex
synaptonemal complex
crossing over complex
synaptonemal complex
In animals, the cells that will eventually perform meiosis to produce gametes are called
___ _____
cells
Field 1: germ
Field 2: line
Identify the difference between metaphase of mitosis and metaphase of meiosis I.
Multiple choice question.
There is a different number of chromosomes in the cell.
The chromosomes align in a different area of the cell.
The chromosomes align singly in mitosis and in pairs in meiosis I.
The chromosomes align singly in mitosis and in pairs in meiosis I.
Which of the following accurately pairs animal somatic and germline cells with the number of chromosomes in them.
Multiple choice question.
Somatic cells:haploid; Germline cells:diploid
Somatic cells:haploid; Germline cells:haploid
Somatic cells:diploid; Germline cells:haploid
Reason: Germline cells are diploid. They give rise to haploid gametes. The gametes themselves are not considered germline cells!
Somatic cells:diploid; Germline cells:diploid
Somatic cells:diploid; Germline cells:diploid
In meiosis, when does DNA replication occur?
Multiple choice question.
Before meiosis I only
Before meiosis II only
Once before meiosis I and again before meiosis II
Before meiosis I only
When the alleles of genes that were formerly on separate homologues can be found on the same homologue which of the following has occurred?
Multiple choice question.
Recombination has occurred
Cytokinesis has occurred
Reductive division has occurred
Recombination has occurred
Fill in the Blank Question
Fill in the blank question.
In
____
I of meiosis, the replicated chromosomes condense, the homologous chromosomes form bivalents, and crossing over occurs.
prophase
The sites of crossing over are called
___
chiasmata
A recombination
____ contains the enzymatic machinery necessary to break and rejoin the chromatids of homologous chromosomes.
nodule
During prophase I, all four chromatids of the two homologues become closely associated as a result of pairing, forming a structure known as a(n)___
tetrad
After crossing over is complete, the homologous chromosomes remain attached at the chiasmata. How many chromatids are attached at this point?
Multiple choice question.
1
4
3
2
4
Anaphase of mitosis separates Blank______ while anaphase I of meiosis separates Blank______.
Multiple choice question.
chiasmata; sister chromatids
sister chromatids; homologues
homologues; sister chromatids
sister chromatids; homologues
Meiosis has how many rounds of DNA replication?
Multiple choice question.
1
2
3
1
During which stage of meiosis do synapsis and crossing over occur?
Multiple choice question.
Metaphase I
Cytokinesis II
Prophase I
Prophase II
Prophase I
During meiosis I, chromosomes exhibit
____
attachment because each homologue is attached to one pole instead of sister chromatids becoming attached to opposite poles
monopolar
Recombination nodules are structures that contain the enzymes needed for Blank______.
Multiple choice question.
cytokinesis
synapsis
crossing over
sister chromatid cohesion
crossing over
During meiosis I, the kinetochores of sister chromatids act as
Multiple choice question.
two separate structures, to which polar microtubules attach independently.
Reason: The kinetochore of the sister chromatids behave as a unit during meiosis I, such that they both attach to the same microtubule.
several units that direct crossing over events across the chromosome.
a unit, to which polar microtubules attach.
a unit, to which polar microtubules attach.
Question Mode
Multiple Choice Question
At the end of anaphase I in meiosis, each pole of the cell contains which of the following?
Multiple choice question.
A haploid set of duplicated chromosomes
A set of homologous pairs
A diploid set of duplicated chromosomes
A haploid set of non-duplicated chromosomes
A haploid set of duplicated chromosomes
During meiosis I, each homologue is attached to one pole. This is called Blank______.
Multiple choice question.
bipolar attachment
monopolar attachment
apolar attachment
synaptonemal attachment
monopolar attachment
In meiosis, the random orientation of homologous chromosomes on the metaphase plate leads to Blank______.
Multiple choice question.
synapsis of maternal and paternal chromosomes in the gametes
independent assortment of maternal and paternal chromosomes in the gametes
segregation of maternal and paternal chromosomes in the gametes
crossing over of maternal and paternal chromosomes in the gametes
independent assortment of maternal and paternal chromosomes in the gametes
At which stage of meiosis I have the chromosomes reached their respective poles, where they begin to decondense.
Multiple choice question.
Anaphase
Telophase
Interphase
Metaphase
Telophase
Which of the following is a unique behavior of kinetochores that allows the separation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I?
Multiple choice question.
Monopolar attachment
Synaptonemal complex formation
Chiasmata formation
Bipolar attachment
Monopolar attachment
During
___
I of meiosis, the homologues are pulled toward opposite poles of the cell.
anaphase I
Question Mode
Fill in the Blank Question
Fill in the blank question.
When a cell undergoes meiosis, 4 daughter cells are produced. In terms of the number of chromosomes, each daughter cell contains a
___
nucleus.
haploid
When chromosomes do not segregate properly during meiosis, this is referred to as Blank______.
Multiple choice question.
duplication
translocation
nondisjunction
inversion
nondisjunction
The sister chromatids found in the daughter nuclei at the end of telophase I are not identical to each other due to which of the following?
Multiple choice question.
Synapsis
Independent assortment
Crossing over
Segregation
Crossing over
Which of the the following events is observed during metaphase II?
Multiple choice question.
Cytokinesis
Synapsis and crossing over
Alignment of individual chromosomes along the metaphase plate
Alignment of homologous pairs along the metaphase plate
Alignment of individual chromosomes along the metaphase plate
Multiple Choice Question
Aneuploid gametes are produced by which of the following?
Multiple choice question.
Synapsis
Nondisjunction during meiosis
Errors in crossing over
Nondisjunction during meiosis
After meiosis is complete which of the following are produced?
Multiple choice question.
Four daughter cells that are diploid
Two daughter cells that are haploid
Four daughter cells that are haploid
Two daughter cells that are diploid
Four daughter cells that are haploid
Of the following choices, which is a similarity between mitosis and meiosis?
Multiple choice question.
The number of chromosomes in daughter cells
incorrect
The number of daughter cells
The diversity of the daughter cells
The number of chromosomes in the parent cell
The number of chromosomes in the parent cell
Which type(s) of cellular division produce(s) cells that are not genetically identical to the mother cell?
Multiple choice question.
Mitosis
Meiosis
Both meiosis and mitosis
Meiosis
