Chapter 8: Organization and Management - Theories of Mgmt Flashcards
a group of several similar ideas evolved in the late 1800s and early 1900s
pioneers are: frederick w. taylor, who was known as the “father of scientific management”
classical theory
the father of scientific management
frederick w. taylor
pioneer of classical theory
frederick w. taylor
there is one best way to do each job
classical theory
there is one best way to put an organization
classical theory
the organization should be arranged in a rational and impersonal manner
classical theory
classical theory
for efficiency and specialization
division of work
classical theory
right way to give orders and obtain obedience and responsibility
authority and responsibility
classical theory
judicious use of sanctions and penalties; obedience to rules and work agreements
discipline
classical theory
each person is accountable to only one superior
unity of command
classical theory
all units moving toward same objectives through coordinated and focused effort
unity of direction
classical theory
individual interest to general interest
the interest of the organization should take priority over the interests of individuals
subordination
classical theory
pay and compensation should be fair for both employee and organization
renumeration
classical theory
subordinates’ involvement through decentralization should be balanced with managers’ final authority through decentralization
centralization
classical theory
in a scalar chain, authority and responsibility flow in direct line vertically from the highest level of the organization to the lowest
scalar chain
classical theory
people and materials must be in the appropriate places at the proper time for maximum efficiency
order
classical theory
all employees should be treated equally to ensure fairness
equity
classical theory
employee turnover should be minimized to maintain organizational efficiency
stability of personnel
classical theory
workers should be encouraged to develop and carry out plans for improvements
initiative
classical theory
managers should promote a team spirit of unity and harmony among employees
esprit de corps
evolved during the 1920s through the 1950s
introduced the behavioral sciences as an integral part of an organization theory
human relations theory
view the organization as a social system and recognizes the existence of the informal organization
human relations theory
employee participation in management planning and decision-making yields positive effects in terms of morale and productivity
human relations theory
emphasizes research on operations and the use of quantitative techniques to help managers make decisions
management science theory
extension includes the development of management information system (MIS) and program evaluation and review technique (PERT)
management science theory
a set of interdependent parts that work together to achieve a common goal
ex. hospital dietary department interacts with many external groups (patients, customers, medical staff, hospital administration, and some regulatory agencies)
systems approach
interdependency is the key concept in systems theory
systems approach
systems approach
a theory that says that the whole is more than the sum of its parts; cooperative, synergistic working together of members of a department or team often yields a total product that exceeds the sum of their individual contributions
holism
managerial activities should be adjusted to fit the situation
contingency approach
individual motivation may be influenced by factors in the environment
contingency approach
