Chapter 8: Nationalism and Economic Development Flashcards
Era of Good Feelings
Talks about the years that Monroe was in office
~Era marked by spirit of nationalism, optimism, and good will
~This was due to the death of the Federalist party
~Was not completely without ill feelings, no political unity, Democratic-Republican party held two factions
James Monroe
Fifth president of the United States, from Virginia and fought in the Revolutionary War
~Popular vote for James Monroe was cast by younger Americans
~Young voters had different concerns than that of the founding fathers: expansion westward, rather than European affairs
Tariff of 1816
The first protective tariff in US history, passed by Congress
~Raised the tariff rates on certain goods for the purpose of protecting US manufacturers from ruin
~Due to the new factories made to lessen the value of British goods on the American market during peacetime
~Americans feared the dumping by the British of their goods on the American market would take away American business
Henry Clay’s American System
Proposed by Kentucky’s Henry Clay (in the House) to advance the nation’s economic growth and had three points:
1. Protective tariffs
2. A national bank
3. Internal manufacturing
~Argued that protective tariffs would promote American manufacturing and raise revenue to build a system of federally constructed roads and canals
~A national bank would keep systems running smoothly by providing a national currency
Panic of 1819
Fractured the Era of Good Feelings with the first major financial panic since he Constitution had been ratified
~Mainly the fault of the Second Bank of the United States which had tightened credit in order to control inflation
~Many state banks closed, the value of money fell, there were large increases in unemployment, bankruptcies, and imprisonment for debt
~Most severe in the West, called for land reforms and opposition to debtors prisons
John Marshall
Still reigned as the Federalist Supreme Court Chief Justice
~Still made decisions that favored Federalist agenda
~Republicans voted into the Supreme Court sided with Marshall due to the idea that the Constitution called for a strong and flexible central government
Fletcher v. Peck (1810)
The first time the Supreme Court declared a state law to be unconstitutional and invalid
~Case involved land fraud in Georgia
~Marshall concluded that a state could not pass legislation invalidating a contract
Martin v. Hunter’s Lease (1816)
The Supreme Court established the principle that it had jurisdiction over state courts in cases involving constitutional rights
Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819)
The Marshall Court argue that the state law that altering contracts for private corporations could not be done by the state
~Involved a law of New Hampshire that changed Dartmouth College from a privately chartered school to a public school
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
Using a loose interpretation of the Constitution, Marshall ruled that the federal government had the implied power to create a national bank
~Maryland attempted the collection of a tax on the Second Bank of the United States
~A state could not tax a federal institution
~Federal laws are supreme over state laws
Cohens v. Virginia (1821)
The Cohens were convicted of selling Washington D.C. lottery tickets in Virginia
~Marshall’s court upheld the conviction
~Established the principle that the Supreme Court could review a state court’s decisions involving any of the powers of the federal government
Gibbons v. Ogden (1821)
Marshall established the federal government’s broad control of interstate commerce
~New York granted a monopoly to a steamboat company which conflicted with a charter authorized by Congress
Tallmadge Amendment
Representative James Tallmadge from New York ignited the debate about Missouri question (impending statehood) by proposing an amendment to the bill for Missouri’s admission. Called for
1. Prohibiting the further introduction of slaves into Missouri
2. Requiring the children of Missouri slaves to be emancipated at age 25
~If adopted, the amendment would have led to the gradual elimination of slavery in Missouri
~Defeated in the Senate, Southerners saw it as the first step of the North to abolish slavery in all states
Missouri Compromise (1820)
Henry Clay won majority support for three bills, when combined represented compromise
- Missouri was to be admitted as a slave holding state
- Maine was to be admitted as a free state
- In the rest of the Louisiana Territory north of latitude 36°30’ slaves were prohibited
Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817)
Britain and America agreed to a major disarmament pact
~Limited naval armament on the Great Lakes
~Placed limits on border fortifications