Chapter 22: World War I 1914-1918

Question 1

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Answer 1

Austrian heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire
~Assassinated by Serbian terrorists in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914
~His wife assassinated as well

Question 2

Kaiser Wilhelm I

Answer 2

Monarch of the German government
~Declared war on Russia, an ally of Serbia, as Austria’s ally
~Berlin, August 1, 1914

Question 3

Allied Powers

Answer 3

Included Great Britain, France, and Russia

Question 4

Central Powers

Answer 4

Included Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire/Turkey

Question 5

Lusitania

Answer 5

Germans torpedoed (and sank) this British liner, killing 128 Americans 
~Wilson sent Germany a strongly worded diplomatic message warning Germany that they would be held accountable if it continued its policy if sinking unarmed ships

Question 6

Sussex Pledge

Answer 6

The German promise to not sink merchant or passenger ships without giving due warning
~This was after the sinking of the British ship, the Sussex
~Said this to keep the U.S. out of the war

Question 7

National Defense Act (1916)

Answer 7

Increased to a force of more than 175,000

Question 8

Charles Evans Hughes

Answer 8

A Supreme Court justice who became the presidential candidate (Election of 1916) of a reunited Republican Party

Question 9

Zimmerman Telegram

Answer 9

A telegram from the German foreign minister Arthur Zimmerman to Mexico
~Proposed that Mexico ally itself with Germany in return for Germany’s pledge to help Mexico recover: Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona
~Angered nationalists

Question 10

Russian Revolution

Answer 10

Russian overthrew of czar’s government and proclaimed it a republic

Question 11

War Industries Board

Answer 11

Set production priorities and established centralized control over raw materials and prices
~Headed by Bernard Baruch, a Wall Street broker

Question 12

Food Administration

Answer 12

Encouraged American households to eat less meat and bread so that more food could be sent abroad to French and British troops
~Headed by Herbert Hoover, a distinguished engineer

Question 13

Fuel Administration

Answer 13

Directed efforts to save coal
~Nonessential factories were closed and daylight savings time went into effect for the first time
~Headed by Harry Garfield

Question 14

National War Labor Board

Answer 14

Helped to arbitrate disputes between workers and employers
~Labor won concessions earlier denied to them: higher wages, eight hour days, and increased union membership
~Headed by former president William Howard Taft

Question 15

Liberty Bonds

Answer 15

A way for the government to raise money

~Americans put their savings into these federal bonds

Question 16

Committee on Public Information

Answer 16

Enlisted the voluntary services of artists, writers, vaudeville performers, and movie stars to depict the heroism of the “boys” and the villainy of the kaiser

Question 17

American Protective League

Answer 17

Mounted the “Hate the Hun” campaign and used vigilante justice in attacking all things German
~Typically nativist groups

Question 18

Espionage Act (1917)

Answer 18

Provided for imprisonment of up to 20 years for persons who either tried to incite rebellion in armed forces or obstruct operation of the draft

Question 19

Sedition Act (1918)

Answer 19

Prohibited anyone from making “disloyal” or “abusive” remarks about the U.S. government

Question 20

Schenk v. United States (1919)

Answer 20

Upheld the constitutionality of the Espionage Act
~Supreme Court concluded that the right to free speech could be limited when it represented a “clear and present danger” to public safety

Question 21

Selective Service Act (1917)

Answer 21

A democratic method for ensuring that all groups in the population were called into service

Question 22

Great Migration

Answer 22

Migration of various minorities North seeking job opportunities

Question 23

American Expeditionary Force

Answer 23

Assumed independent responsibility for one segment of the Western front
~Commanded by John J. Pershing

Question 24

Fourteen Points

Answer 24

A list of war aims by President Wilson
~Some were:
-Recognition of freedom of the seas
-An end to the practice of making secret treaties
-Reduction of national armaments
-An “impartial adjustment of all colonial claims”
-Self determination for the various nationalities within the Austro-Hungarian Empire
-An international peace association

Question 25

Treaty of Versailles

Answer 25

Treaty that ended the war, signed in France

1. Germany was stripped of its international colonies and must admit guilt for the war and pay its war debts
2. Central Powers’ territories were taken by the Allies and new nations were established
3. Signers of the treaty would join an international peace association

Question 26

The “Big Four”

Answer 26

Leaders from Britain, U.S., Italy, and France who met daily during deliberations
~Worked on a compromise for all four nations

Question 27

Senator Henry Cabot Lodge

Answer 27

Led the reservationist faction of those opposing the Treaty of Versailles
~Did not want the U.S. in the League of Nations

Question 28

The Red Scare

Answer 28

Growing fears of socialism fueled by the Communist takeover in Russia in the U.S.
~Anti Communist hysteria

Question 29

Palmer Raids

Answer 29

A series of unexplained bombings led to a special office to gather information on radicals
~Mass arrests of anarchists, socialists, and labor agitators
~Over 6,000 people arrested

Question 30

Boston Police Strike (1919)

Answer 30

In protest to the firing of a few police officers who tried to unionize

Question 31

U.S. Steel Strike (1919)

Answer 31

Strike at the U.S. Steel Corporation

~Federal troops called out and much violence ensued

Question 32

Chicago Race Riot (1919)

Answer 32

40 people were killed and 500 were injured

~Due to the influx of African Americans and other minorities moving North