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AP US History > Chapter 21: The Progressive Era 1901-1918 > Flashcards

Chapter 21: The Progressive Era 1901-1918 Flashcards

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1
Q

Pragmatism

A

The prevailing philosophy of romantic transcendentalism in America
~It enabled them to challenge fixed notions that stood in the way of reform

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2
Q

Frederick Taylor

A

Started the scientific management system

~Discovered ways of organizing people in an efficient manner

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3
Q

Lincoln Steffens

A

Wrote “The Shame of the Cities” (1904). Muckraker
~Caused a sensation by describing in detail the corrupt deals that characterized big city politics from Philadelphia to Minneapolis

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4
Q

Theodore Dreiser

A

Wrote “The Financier” and “The Titan”. Muckraker

~Portrayed the advance and ruthlessness of an industrialist

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5
Q

Ida Tarbell

A

Owned a magazine called ‘The History of the Standard Oil Company’
~Muckraking magazine

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6
Q

Jacob Riis

A

Photojournalist who documented articles on tenement life

~Published “How the Other Half Lives” (1890)

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7
Q

Australian Ballot

A

Ballots printed by the state and required voters to mark their choices secretly within the privacy of a curtained booth
~Stopped political party corruption concerning voting

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8
Q

Direct Primary

A

The new system for bypassing politicians and placing the nomination process directly in the hands of the voters
~Method for nominating party candidates by majority vote

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9
Q

Robert La Folette

A

Progressive governor of Wisconsin

~Introduced the direct primary system

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10
Q

17th Amendment

A

Requires that all U.S. senators be elected by popular vote

~Adopted in 1913 by the federal government

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11
Q

Initiative

A

Method by which voters could compel the legislature to consider a bill

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12
Q

Referendum

A

A method that allowed citizens to vote on proposed laws printed on the ballot

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13
Q

Recall

A

Enabled voters to remove a corrupt or unsatisfactory politician from office by majority vote before that official’s term had expired

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14
Q

Commission Plans

A

Voters elected the heads of city departments (fire, police, and sanitation) not just the mayor

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15
Q

Theodore Roosevelt

A

Became president after President McKinley’s assassination
~Progressive president
~Responsible for the “square deal” as well as many other reforms

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16
Q

“The Square Deal”

A

The deal that favored neither business nor laborer, but both
~Worked on a compromise that helped both parties
~Started by Theodore Roosevelt

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17
Q

Anthracite Coal Mine Strike (1902)

A

On coal, many Americans feared that they would freeze that winter
~Roosevelt stepped in with is “Square Deal”

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18
Q

Elkins Act (1903)

A

Gave the ICC greater authority to stop railroads from granting rebates to favored customers

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19
Q

Hepburn Act (1906)

A

The commission (ICC) could fix “just and reasonable” rates for railroads

20
Q

“The Jungle” by Upton Sinclair

A

A muckraking book that described in horrifying detail the conditions in Chicago stockyards and the meat packing industry
~Led to improvements by Congress enacting two regulatory laws: The Pure Food and Drug Act and The Meat Inspection Act

21
Q

Meat Inspection Act (1906)

A

Provided that federal inspectors visit meat packing plants to ensure that they met minimum standards of sanitation

22
Q

Newland Reclamation Act (1902)

A

A law providing money from the sale of public land for irrigation projects in Western States

23
Q

Pinochet-Ballinger Controversy

A

When Chief of the Forrest Service, Gifford Pinochet criticized Secretary of the Interior, Richard Ballinger
~Taft stood by his cabinet member and fired Pinochet for insubordination
~Conservatives applauded, Progressives protested

24
Q

William Howard Taft

A

Republican nominee for president after Roosevelt refused nomination
~Continued Roosevelt’s Progressive policies

25
Q

Mann-Elkins Act (1910)

A

Gave the ICC the power to suspend new railroad rates and oversee telephone, telegraph and cable companies

26
Q

16th Amendment

A

Gave the U.S. government to collect an income tax
~Approved by Progressives
~At first, the tax only applied to the wealthy
~Originally suggested by e Populists

27
Q

Payne-Aldrich Tariff (1909)

A

Raised the tariff on most imports

~Angered Progressives in the Republican party

28
Q

Eugene Debs

A

One of the founders of the socialist party
~Former railroad union leader, jailed for Pullman Strike
~Presidential nominee in 5 elections

29
Q

Election of 1912

A

Dominated by reform efforts
~President Taft renominated, Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, and Eugene Debs
~Came down to a battle between Roosevelt and Wilson
~Wilson won 435 electorals

30
Q

Bull Moose Party

A

Nickname given to the new Progressive party

~Roosevelt claimed he was as strong as a Bull Moose

31
Q

New Nationalism

A

Roosevelt’s basis for his campaign

~More government regulation of business and unions, women’s suffrage, and more social welfare programs

32
Q

New Freedom

A

Wilson’s basis for his campaign
~Limit both big business and big government, reform by ending corruption, and revival of competition by supporting small business

33
Q

Underwood Tariff (1913)

A

Substantially lowered tariffs for the first time in over 50 years
~Included graduated income tax rate from 1-6%

34
Q

Federal Reserve Act (1914)

A

Americans use Federal Reserve Notes (dollar bills) to purchase goods and services

35
Q

Clayton Anti Trust Act (1914)

A

Generally strengthened the provisions in the Sherman Anti Trust Act for breaking up monopolies
~Contained a clause for exempting unions from being prosecuted as trusts

36
Q

Federal Trade Commission

A

The new regulatory agency
~Empowered to investigate and take action against any “unfair trade practice” in every industry except banking and transportation

37
Q

Federal Farm Loan Act (1916)

A

12 regional banks established to provide farm loans at low interest rates

38
Q

Child Labor Act

A

Prohibited the shipment in interstate commerce of goods manufactured by children under the age of 14
~Supreme Court found this unconstitutional

39
Q

Niagara Movement

A

A program of protest and action aimed at securing equal rights for blacks
~Started by W.E.B. Du Bois at Niagara Falls

40
Q

Booker T. Washington

A

Intellectual who argued that blacks need for education and economic progress were of utmost importance
~Said that only after establishing a secure economic base could African Americans hope to realize their other goal of political and social equality

41
Q

W.E.B. Du Bois

A

A distinguished scholar and writer. Criticized Washington’s (Booker T.) approach and demand equal rights for African Americans
~Argued that political and social rights were a prerequisite to economic advancement

42
Q

NAACP

A

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
~Mission: to abolish all forms of segregation and increase educational opportunities for African American children
~Started by W.E.B Du Bois

43
Q

Carrie Chapman Catt

A

President or the NAWSA group
~Argued for the vote as the broadening of democracy, which would empower women, thus enabling them to more actively care for their families in an industrial society

44
Q

NAWSA

A

National American Women’s Suffrage Association
~Headed by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony taken over by Carrie Chapman Catt
~Fought for equal rights for women and the right to vote

45
Q

National Women’s Party

A

A more militant approach to gaining the vote, started by Alice Paul
~Hunger strikes, pickets, and parades
~Focused on winning the support of Congress and the President for an amendment to the constitution
~Broke from NAWSA

46
Q

19th Amendment (1920)

A

Guarantees a women’s right to vote in all elections at the local, state, and national level

47
Q

League of Women Voters

A

Organized by Carrie Chapman Catt

~A civic organization dedicated to keeping voters informed about the candidates and the issues

AP US History (30 decks)

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