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Klinische Psychologie > Chapter 8: Mood > Flashcards

Chapter 8: Mood Flashcards

1
Q

Mood disorder

A

characterized by severe deviation in mood

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1
Q

Major depressive episode (What is it and what are symotoms?)

A
  • most severe depression
  • extremely depressed mood state that last at least two weeks
  • include congitve symtoms (feeling wortlessness)
  • and disturbed physical functions
  • loss of interest and the ability to experience pleasure in life
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2
Q

What is mania?

A
  • abnormally exaggerated elation, joy or euphoria.
  • persistently increased goal-direced activity or energy.
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3
Q

What is a hypomanic episode?

A
  • less severe version of manic episode
  • does not cause marked impairment in social functioning
  • needs to last only four days
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4
Q

What is a unipolar mood disorder?

A
  • Individuals who expereince either depression OR mania (their mood remains at one pole)
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5
Q

What is a bipolar mood disoder?

A
  • someone who alternates between mania and depression (on a continuum)
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6
Q

What is a major depressive disorder (MDD)?

A
  • defined by the presence of depression and absence of manic or hypomanic episodes
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7
Q

What is a persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)?

A
  • shares many symptoms of MDD
  • but there may be fewer symptoms
  • and depression remains relatively unchaged over long periods.
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8
Q

What are different between persistent depressive disorder and major depressive disorder?

A
  • PDD is more severe (higher rates of comorbidity with other mental disorders)
  • PDD is less responsive to treatment (slower improvement)
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9
Q

What is a double depression?

A
  • poeple suffering from MDD and PDD over different periods
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10
Q

What is seasonal depression affective disorder (SAD)?

A

depression reocurrin in specific seasons (at least two in a row)

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11
Q

What can be said about the onset and duration - reagrding MDD and PDD?

A
  • prevalence of MDD increases dramatically during adolescence (especially girls)
  • MDD last from 2 weeks to several years.
  • PDD can up to 20-30 years.
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12
Q

What are other depressive disorders?

A
  1. premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
  2. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD)
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13
Q

What is the prementrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)?

A
  • severe emotional reactions during prementrual time
  • disorder of mood
  • 2-5% of women
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14
Q

What is the disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD)?

A
  • severe recurrent temoer outburts
  • manifested verbally and physically
  • grooly out of proportion in intensity or duration to thr situation
  • diagnosed in CHILDREN
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15
Q

What is the clinical description of bipolar disorders?

A
  • key feature: manic episodes with major depressive episodes
  • very similar to MDD but with mania
16
Q

What are the two types of Bipolar disorder?

A
  • Bipolar disorder 1: alternate between depression and mania
  • Bipolar disorder 2: alternate between depression and hypomania (less severe episodes)
17
Q

Criteria for hypomanic episode identical to a manic episode, except for …

A
  • minimu duration is only four days (not a week)
  • chage is not severe enough to cause marked social impairment
  • there are no psychotic features
18
Q

What is the ciclothymic disorder?

A
  • milder but more chronic version of bipolar depression
  • often in one mood state or the other for many years
19
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for the cyclothymic disorder?

A
  • periods with hypomanic symtoms that do not meet criteria for hypomanic episode
  • periods with depressive symptoms that do not meet criteria for a major depresisve episode.
20
Q

What is the rapid-cycle specificier?

A
  • some poeple move quickly in and out of depression (manic episodes
  • at least four manic or depressive episodes within a year
21
Q

What is rapid switch or rapid mood switching?

A

patients cycle between mania and depression without any break

22
Q

What can be said about the prevalence of mood disorders?

A
  • 6% have a MDD in the last year
  • women twise as likely to debelop a mood disorder than men
  • BP is distrubuted equally across gender.
23
Q

What are causes of mood disorders?

A
  • biological (genetic contribution, joint heritability of anxiety and depression, neurotransmitter systems, the endocrine system and sleep rhythms)
  • psychological (stressful life events, learned helplessness, negatve cognitive systeles)
  • social and cultural dimensions
24
Q

What are three basic types of antidepressant medications? (for depression)

A
  1. Trycyclic antidepressants
  2. Manoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors)
  3. Selective-serotoning reuptake inhibtors (SSRIs)
25
Q

What can be said about lithium?

A
  • antidepressant drug
  • mood-stabilizing
  • side effects can be potentially serious
  • preferred drug for bipolar disorder (preventing relapse)
26
Q

What is the electroconvulsive therapy?

A
  • controlversial but effective treatment for severe depression
  • changes in the brain through repeated seizures (electric shocks are administred directly through the brain)
27
Q

What is the trasncranical magnetic stimulation (TMS)?

A
  • another method for altering brain activity
  • using a magnetic field to treat depression
  • still ECT is more effectuve!!
28
Q

What are two major approaches (psychosocial treatments) - regarding depression?

A
  1. Cognitive behavioral therapy
  2. Interpersonal therapy
29
Q

How does cognitive behavioral therapy work?

A
  • clients are taught to examine their thought processes while depressed and recognize thier depressive errors i thinking
  • treatment involves correcting these cognitve errors
  • and replace them with more realstic thoughts
30
Q

How does interpersonal psychotherapy work?

A
  • focuses on resolving problems in existing relationships and forming new ones
  • resolution through (Stages)
    1. Negotation
    2. Impasse
    3. Resolution
31
Q

Interpersonal psychotherpy targets four interpersonal issues … which ones?

A
  1. Interpersonal role disputes
  2. Adjusting to relationship loss
  3. Acquiring new relationships
  4. Correcting deficits in social skills.
32
Q

How can we prevent relapse - when it comes to depression?

A
  • maintenance treatment is crucial
  • cognitve theray has been shown effective
  • Mindfullness-based therapy (disengae from negative thinking)
33
Q

Psychological treatment for biolar disorders

A
  • Lithium
  • Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy (IPSRT)
  • family-focused treatments
  • intensive psychological treatments
34
Q

What are suicide risk factors?

A
  • family history
  • neurobiology
  • existing psychological disorders
  • stressful life events

Klinische Psychologie (7 decks)

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