Chapter 8: Mood Flashcards
Mood disorder
characterized by severe deviation in mood
Major depressive episode (What is it and what are symotoms?)
- most severe depression
- extremely depressed mood state that last at least two weeks
- include congitve symtoms (feeling wortlessness)
- and disturbed physical functions
- loss of interest and the ability to experience pleasure in life
What is mania?
- abnormally exaggerated elation, joy or euphoria.
- persistently increased goal-direced activity or energy.
What is a hypomanic episode?
- less severe version of manic episode
- does not cause marked impairment in social functioning
- needs to last only four days
What is a unipolar mood disorder?
- Individuals who expereince either depression OR mania (their mood remains at one pole)
What is a bipolar mood disoder?
- someone who alternates between mania and depression (on a continuum)
What is a major depressive disorder (MDD)?
- defined by the presence of depression and absence of manic or hypomanic episodes
What is a persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)?
- shares many symptoms of MDD
- but there may be fewer symptoms
- and depression remains relatively unchaged over long periods.
What are different between persistent depressive disorder and major depressive disorder?
- PDD is more severe (higher rates of comorbidity with other mental disorders)
- PDD is less responsive to treatment (slower improvement)
What is a double depression?
- poeple suffering from MDD and PDD over different periods
What is seasonal depression affective disorder (SAD)?
depression reocurrin in specific seasons (at least two in a row)
What can be said about the onset and duration - reagrding MDD and PDD?
- prevalence of MDD increases dramatically during adolescence (especially girls)
- MDD last from 2 weeks to several years.
- PDD can up to 20-30 years.
What are other depressive disorders?
- premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
- Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD)
What is the prementrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)?
- severe emotional reactions during prementrual time
- disorder of mood
- 2-5% of women
What is the disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD)?
- severe recurrent temoer outburts
- manifested verbally and physically
- grooly out of proportion in intensity or duration to thr situation
- diagnosed in CHILDREN
What is the clinical description of bipolar disorders?
- key feature: manic episodes with major depressive episodes
- very similar to MDD but with mania
What are the two types of Bipolar disorder?
- Bipolar disorder 1: alternate between depression and mania
- Bipolar disorder 2: alternate between depression and hypomania (less severe episodes)
Criteria for hypomanic episode identical to a manic episode, except for …
- minimu duration is only four days (not a week)
- chage is not severe enough to cause marked social impairment
- there are no psychotic features
What is the ciclothymic disorder?
- milder but more chronic version of bipolar depression
- often in one mood state or the other for many years
What is the diagnostic criteria for the cyclothymic disorder?
- periods with hypomanic symtoms that do not meet criteria for hypomanic episode
- periods with depressive symptoms that do not meet criteria for a major depresisve episode.
What is the rapid-cycle specificier?
- some poeple move quickly in and out of depression (manic episodes
- at least four manic or depressive episodes within a year
What is rapid switch or rapid mood switching?
patients cycle between mania and depression without any break
What can be said about the prevalence of mood disorders?
- 6% have a MDD in the last year
- women twise as likely to debelop a mood disorder than men
- BP is distrubuted equally across gender.
What are causes of mood disorders?
- biological (genetic contribution, joint heritability of anxiety and depression, neurotransmitter systems, the endocrine system and sleep rhythms)
- psychological (stressful life events, learned helplessness, negatve cognitive systeles)
- social and cultural dimensions
