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Klinische Psychologie > Chapter 6: Occupation and Obsession > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Occupation and Obsession Flashcards

1
Q

The DSM-5 lists which five basic somatic symtpom and related disorders?

A
  1. Somatic symptom disorder
  2. Illness anxiety disorder
  3. Psychological factors affecting medical condition
  4. Conversion disorder
  5. Factitious disorder
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2
Q

What is the somatic symptom disorder?

A
  • experience endless somatic complaints without medical basis
  • concerned with the symptoms themselves rather than their meaning
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3
Q

What can be said about the diagnostic criteria for somatic symtom disorder?
Manifested by at least one of the following …

A
  1. Disproportionate and persistent thought about the seriousness of one’s symptoms
  2. Persistently high level of anxiety about health symptoms
  3. Excessive time and energy devoted to the symptoms or health concern.

(typically 6 months)

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4
Q

What is the illness anxiety disorder?

A
  • individuals are excessively anxious about the possibility of having or developing a serious illness.
  • although symptoms are either not present or very mild.
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5
Q

What is the differences between somatic symtom disorder (1) and illness anxiety disorder (2)

A

(1) physical symtoms are present
(2) less concerned with specific physical symtoms and more worried about the idea of being ill or developing an illness

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6
Q

What are similarities (1) and differences (2) between panic disorder and somatic symptom disoder?

A
  1. both misinterpret physical symptoms
  2. PD patients fear immedate symptom-related catastrophes during panic attacks
    - while somatic symtom disorder patients focus on long-term processes of illness.
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7
Q

What can be said about statistics regarding somatic and illness anxitey disorders?

A
  • late age of onset (older people, rather sick)
  • individuals with somatic symtoms are more likely to be women, unmaried, and from lower socioeconomic status.
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8
Q

What are causes of somatic symptom and illness anxiety disorder?

A
  • central is faulty interpretation of physical signs (anxiety)
  • increased anxiety produces additional physical symtoms (vicious cycle)
  • biological and psychological vulnerabilities
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9
Q

What are some proposed treatments of somatic symptom and ilness anxiety disorder?

A
  1. Explanatory therapy (only for mild form of disorder)
  2. Cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT)
  3. Exposure therapy
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10
Q

What is an explanatory therapy (somatic symptom and illness anxiety disorder)

A
  • clinician explain the nature of the patient’s disorder in an education framework
  • can lead to a significant reduction in fear and beliefs about somatic symptoms
  • only for mild forms of disorder
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11
Q

Cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) - how does it work (for somatic symptom and illness anxiety disorder)?

A
  • focuses on identifying and challenging illness-related misinterpretations of physical sensations
  • and on showing patients how to create “symptoms” by focusing on certain body areas.
  • has shown effectiveness
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12
Q

Exposure therapy (how does it work for somatic symptom and illness anxitey disoder?)

A
  • cofronting eith documentaries about disease without using any avoidance and safety behavior
  • resulted in symptom improvement
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13
Q

What is psychological factors effecting medical condition?

A
  • a somatic symptom disorder
  • the presence of a diagnosed medical condition but adversely affected (increased in severity) by psychological or behavioral factors.
  • Example: Anxiety severe enough to worsen asthma.
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14
Q

What is conversion disorder?

A

involve physical malfunction (paralysis, blindness etc.) without any physical or organic pathology to explain these symptoms.

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15
Q

What did Freud believe regarding conversion disorder?

A
  • he believed that anxiety resulting from unconscious conflicts could be converted into physical symptoms
  • as a way of expressing and discharging the anxiety without consciously experiencing it.
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16
Q

What is malingering?

A
  • involves faking symtoms with a clear motivation
  • such as avoiding work or legal difficulties or seeking a financial gain
17
Q

What are factitious disorders?

A
  • fall between malingering and conversion disorders
  • symptoms are under voluntary control (as with malingering) but the person has no apparent reason
18
Q

What is “Factitious disorder imposed on another”?

A

involves an adult, usually a mother, purposely making her child sick for attention and pity.

19
Q

Where do unconscious mental processes play an important role?

A
  • in distinguishing between conversion disorders and related conditions.
20
Q

What can be said about the conversion disorder and it’s statistics?

A
  • occur often with somatic symptom disorder
  • more common in women
21
Q

What are the four bacis processes in the devlopment of cenversion disorder - by Freund?

A
  1. Traumatic event for unconscious conflict
  2. Repression of conflict into the unconscious
  3. Anxiety converted into physical symptoms for relief
  4. Gain from increased attention and sympathy as well as avoidance of difficult situations.
22
Q

What are causes of the conversion disorder?

A
  • traumatic events
  • cultural and socioeconomic factors
  • prior expereince with real physical problems
23
Q

Treatment of Conversion disoder

A

Cognitive-behavioral therapy:
1. Therapeutic assitance in re-experiencing the event (catharsis)
2. reducing any reinforcing or supportive consequences

24
Q

What is the obsessive-compulsive disorder?

A
  • OCD is a severe anxiety disorder
  • the dangerous event is a thought, image or impulse that the individual tries to avoid.
  • magic and rituals as coping mechanisms
25
Q

What does OCD involve …

A
  • involves intrusive and nonsensical thoughts, images, or urges calles obsessions
    (individuals tries to resist)
  • compulsions are the thoughts or actions used to suppress the obsessions and provide relief
26
Q

Which four major types of obsession in OCD are there?

A
  1. Symmetry
  2. Forbidden thoughts or actions
  3. Cleaning and contamination
  4. Hoarding
27
Q

What can be said about the tic disorder and OCD?

A
  • characterized by involuntary movements
  • usually involves obsessoion related to symmetry
28
Q

What are the causes of OCD?

A
  • Biological and psychological vulnerabilities must be present for OCD to develop
  • and believing some thoughts are unacceptable
  • must be surpressed.
29
Q

What is meant by thought action fusion?

A
  • key concept of OCD
  • individuals equate thoughts with the specific actions represented by the throughts.
30
Q

What can be said about treatment regarding OCD?

A
  • clomipramine and SSRIs (effectuve in about 60%)
  • psychological treatments (exposure) are more effective
31
Q

What is the body dysmorphic disorder?

A
  • characterized by a proccupation with an imagined defect in one’s appearrance
  • despite looking relatively normal
32
Q

Clinical description regarding Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD)

A
  • checking or compensating rituals (excessive grroming, skin picking, etc.)
  • suicidal ideation
33
Q

What can be said about the statistics of BDD?

A
  • chronic (without treatment)
  • equally in men and women
  • age of onset - adolescents
34
Q

What can be said about the causes of BDD?

A
  • Speculation: that an underlying unconscious conflict would be too anxiety-provoking to admit into consciousness
  • Hence, the person displays it into a body part
35
Q

Two treatment with evidence of effectiveness regarding BDD

A
  1. Drugs that block serotonin reuptake
  2. Exposure response prevention (cogntive-behavioral therapy)
36
Q

What is the hoarding disorder?

A
  • is a seperate problem
  • characterized by excessive acquisition of things, difficulties discarding anythings and living wth excessive clutter and disorganization
37
Q

What are the three major characteristics in hoarding disoder?

A
  1. Excessive acquisition of things
  2. Difficulty discarding anything
  3. Living with excessive clutter conditions (gross disorganization)
38
Q

What is Trichotollomania?

A
  • the urge to pull out one’s own hair from scalp, eyebrows, or arms
  • resulting in noticeabel hair loss, distress, and social impairment
39
Q

What is a an exoriation disorder?

A
  • skin-picking disorder
  • characterized by repetitive and compulsive picking of the skin
  • leading to tissue damage, distress and impairment in social and work functioning

Klinische Psychologie (7 decks)

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