Chapter 8 Masonry And Ordinary Construction Flashcards
_______ is one of the oldest and simplest building materials
Masonry
The primary benefit of masonry is their durability and
Inherent resistance to weather and insects
Masonry has no significant ___________ in structural application but they are used for support ____________ loads
Tensile strength
Compressive loads
________ masonry co soars of rock pieces that have been removed from a quarry and cut to size and shape desired, can be laid with or without mortar
Stone masonry
The hardness of brick is dependent on what
Materials used in its composition
Horizontal layers of brick plus mortar joints equals a height of
8 inches
_______________ are the most common concrete masonry units CMUs
Hollow concrete blocks
Fired clay tile is known as
Structural terra cotta
What’s the primary function of mortar
Bond individual masonry units into a solid mass
The mortar joints are often the _______ part of the wall
Weakest
Mortar is available in ________ basic types with compression strengths ranging from
5
75psi to 2,500
Most mortar is produced form a mixtures of _______ , hydrated line , sand , water
Portland cement
Expansion of excess moisture within masonry materials resulting in tensile forces within the material and causing it to break apart
Spalling
Ordinary construction is also known as
Masonry , wood joisted
Buildings of ordinary construction is classified as _________ (exterior protected) in the building codes
Type III
Depending on type of interior construction buildings with masonry exterior walls can also be what type of construction
Type I fire resistive
Type II protected noncombustible
Masonry buildings supported by unprotected steel structural framing are classified as
Type II B construction
The weight a wall can support ( masonry walls) will depend on what
Width of the wall and if it’s reinforced or nonreienforeced
Most common materials used for masonry load bearing walls are
Brick
Concrete block
Combination of brick and block
A single vertical column of masonry units in a wall , usually brick or concrete
Wythe
Nonreinforced masonry walls are usually limited to a maximum height of
Six stories
Horizontal layer of individual masonry units
Course
Stretcher course
Bricks laid end to end
Soldier course
Bricks placed vertically on end
Header course
Bricks placed with the end facing out
The existence of _________ in a wall is one way to identify the method of construction of a masonry wall
Header course
__________ are used alternating with other types of courses to provide a strong horizontal bond between two wythes
Header course
Load bearing masonry walls reinforced with steel constructed to a height of ten stories or more will have a wall thickness of
12 inches
Masonry wall that is reinforced with steel can have a
Reduced thickness
Masonry walls are reinforced to support the weight of a
Taller building or to provide stability against lateral forces
The cavity between the wythes is filled with
Grout
An exterior brick wall constructed with vertical cavity between the exterior wythe and interior wythe
Cavity wall
What does the cavity wall prevent
Water seepage through the mortar joints to the interior of the building and increase thermal insulating value
Provides lateral support without requiring extra thickness in the bearing wall
Buttresses
Indicate the presence of a lateral beam
Structural pilasters
I’m residential and small commercial building wood joists or beams simply rest on the masonry wall in an indentation
Beam pocket , several inches deep to provide an adequate bearing surface for the beam
Rectangular masonry pillar that extends from the face of a wall to provide additional support to the wall
Pilaster
Angled cut made at the end of a wood joist or wood beam that rest in a masonry wall
Fire cut
Wood roof trusses in commercial buildings are frequently supported on
Pilasters
Support for masonry over an opening
Lintel
Bracket or ledge made of stone , wood brick or other building material projecting from the face of a wall or column used to support a beam cornice or arch
Corbel
Most common method of supporting loads over openings in masonry walls
Lintels
An extension of a masonry or steel wall that projects above the roof 1 ft or more
Parapet
Collapse zones are typically at least _______ height of the building
1.5 times
Corners of buildings or other points of intersection such as __________ or ___________ will be the strongest points in a masonry structure
Stairwells and elevator shafts
When breaching a masonry wall, do it so in a triangle shape to maintain the
Corbeling shape
A masonry wall that bulges or lean outward will tend to pull away from the interior framing how is it stabilized
Extend a series of steel tie rods inside the building through the masonry walls parallel to the joist
Tie rods usually have ________ to adjust the tension in the rod
Turnbuckle
Potential problem of tie rods
Steel became heated under fire conditions cause walls to weaken
