Chapter 5 Interior Finishes And Passive Fire Protection Flashcards
The behavior of fire in buildings is influenced by a number of factors including some not directly related to the basic construction or occupancy of the building ( what finishes)
Interior finishes- exposed face of the walls and ceilings of a building
Movable partitions often used in ballrooms to subdivide or a banquet room are treated as
Interior finishes
Interior finishes my be classified as “trim” if they meet what conditions
Do not exceed ten percent of a wall and ceiling area
Distributed through the space
Do not constitute a large continuous surface
Fire behavior is highly dynamic and is influenced by several
Thermal variables
_________ over a specific material can be measured and predicted in degrees know as the ___________ of the material when evaluating
Flame spread
Surface burning characteristics
Surface burning characteristics is evaluated how (4) terms
Composition , orientation and thickness of the material
Ventilation
Size and shape of a compartment
Finish material on the ceiling or wall
The movement of a flame away from the ignition source
Flame spread
Speed at which flame will spread over the surface of a material
Surface burning characteristics
As the heat of a fire rises flames can spread up the _________ and across the _______
Walls and ceiling
The most significant factor that determines a fuels burn rate is
Combination of the fuel
Available oxygen
Horizontal fire spreads at a __________ rate and the gases rise due to _______
Slow fire spread
Convection
Vertical fire spreads at a _______ rate and the surface of the product is heated by ______
Fast fire spread
Conduction
Building codes may require that materials with greater surface burning rates be installed over a
Noncombustible material
Building codes usually exclude reference to surface treatments such as paint and wallpaper that are no thicker than
1/28 inch because the heat is transferred to the material beneath the surface material
Building codes separate floor coverings from
Wall and cowling finishes
When carpet is used as a wall covering it is tested as a
Interior finish
The flame spread rating of some interior finishes (wood) materials can be reduced through the use of properly applied
Fire retardant coatings
Types of fire retardant coatings available include (4) terms
Intumescent coatings
Mastics
Gas forming paints
Cementitious and mineral fiber coatings
Refers to a device or material that has been tested by any laboratories and certified as having met minimum criteria
Listed
Procedures include standardized methodologies that are intended to control as many variables as possible and yield meaningful results
Criterion reference testing (CRT)
What is the standard test used for measuring the surface burning characteristics of interior finishes materials
ASTM E-84
Steiner tunnel
Test apparatus used in the determination of flame spread rating
Interior finishes are tested to derive several measures of a materials flammability including the ______ and the ________
Flame spread rating
Smoke developed rating
Flame spread rating
Measurement of the propagation of flame on the surface of materials or assemblies by standard test
Numerical rating based on the speed and extent to which flame travels over its surface
Smoke developed rating
The measure of the relative visual obscurity created during the testing process by a known material
The flame travel along the test material is compared to two standard materials
Asbestos cement board flame spread 0
Red oak flooring flame spread of 100
Flame will travel along oak flooring
24ft in 5 1/2 min
The higher the flame spread rating the _____________ flame will spread
More rapidly
Flame spread ratings over ______ are not permitted in occupancies per class
200
Flame spread of gypsum wallboard is
10-15
Flame spread of walnut faced plywood
171-260
Flame spread rating of veneered woods
Approx 515
_______ is known for respiratory hazard and handled carefully handled with the AHJ
Asbestos
The flame spread rating is _____ an absolute measure of the spread of fire travel
Not
Some materials will produce a fire hazard greater than indicated by the ASTM E -84 test because of (3) variations
Room volume
Room shape
Fuel loading in the room
The flame spread rating developed in ASTM E -84 test dose not apply to ______ coverings
Floor
The smoke developed rating is measured of the relative _______obscurity in an area because the smoke generated by a burning material
Visual
Smoke developed rating is determined through application of a ___________ and _________ located at the end of the tunnel furnace
Photoelectric
Light source
Red oak is also used as a standard testing material assigned a smoke developed rating of
100
Codes do not allow a combination of materials that exceed a maximum smoke developed rating of
450
Smoke developed rating does not detect or measure __________ products of combustion such as carbon monoxide
Transparent
Smoke developed rating does not measure other important smoke quality data such as (4) terms
Heat
Irritation
Toxicity
Volatility
NFPA 286 is what
Large scale test used to evaluate the performance of textile wall coverings under fire conditions
What test is procedures that incorporate the size and shape of rooms in a building
Connor test
IBC international building code allows interior finish materials to be tested in accordance with _______ instead of ASTM E-84
NFPA 286
What 2 NFPA use the material to be tested is placed on three walls and the surface of the door wall is uncovered
NFPA 265 and 286
NFPA 286 also covers the ceiling
Test results should be used as bench marks instead of
Not guaranteed outcomes
Products may be obtained from the ___________and verified during plan review
Manufacture
Rulings contribute to the _______ space in a building
Void
Floor , ceiling and wall components will block fire to
Some degree
The governing oginization produce documents that guide assemblies including :
Underwriters labs
Fire resistance directory
Gypsum association
Publishes what
Fire resistance design manual
Specific details of fire resistance design manual are (3) terms
Materials that can be used
Allowable spacing of structural members
Type, spacing, and nail/screw patterns of fasteners
Some degree of _______ is inherent in the enclosing walls of the architecture of the building
Compartmentation
A building without divisions inside , though, can result in a rapid spread of fire ___________ and _______ through a building
Horizontally and vertically
Compartments with ______ can provide areas of refuge for occupants when immediate or rapid evacuation is not possible
Rated assemblies
The concept of providing and using an area of refuge is referred to as
Defending or sheltering in place
What subdivides a building into smaller areas to limit the maximum spread of fire
Fire walls
What must be sufficient fire resistance and structural stability to serve as an absolute barrier to a fire and structural collapse on either side of the wall
Fire walls
Containing a fire greatly reduces potential
Economic loss
Freestanding fire walls are usually found in buildings of what type of construction
Type III or v
What is the amount of water required to extinguish a fire in a timely manner
Fire flow
Free standing fire walls may also be used in other types of construction other than 3 and V
Type II
Freestanding fire walls must be designed to resist a lateral load of at least _________ pounds per square foot
5
These are erected at a column line in a building of steel frame or concrete frame construction
Tied walls
Fire walls must extend beyond walls and roofs to prevent the _____________ on one side of a fire wall from igniting adjacent surfaces
Radiant heat of flames
The parapet height above a combustible roof is determined by the building code and varies from (inches)
18-36 inches
Firewalls without parapets are not readily identifiable from the outside of a building particularly for firewalls with a _________ that can be constructed of materials than masonry
2 hour rating
4 hour fire walls must be constructed of
Masonry or concrete
Combustible structural members to be framed into masonry or concrete firewall from opposite sides provide _________ separation between the ends of the structural members
4 inch
developer may circumvent the requirements regarding fire walls by building free standing structures with separate exteriors very near to each other. Technique often used in densely populated neighborhoods as close as
18 inches
Building codes typically allow elimination of fire walls when a building is equipped with __________ of it meets criteria for occupancy
Automatics sprinkler system
Types of construction without fire walls are (3)
Factories
Warehouse
Retail stores
Interior walls that do not qualify as fire walls but are used to subdivide a floor or area of a building
Fire partitions
The purpose of enclosures walls is to __________ of fire through a buildings openings
Block the vertical spread
