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Building Construction > Chapter 7 Wood Construction > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Wood Construction Flashcards

1
Q

Types of wood used in construction are typically __________ including

A

Soft woods

Pine
Fir
Spruce

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2
Q

Intrinsic defects of wood include

A 
Knot 
Knotholes
Decay
Splits 
Warping
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3
Q

Solid lumber includes

A

Dimensional lumber , boards , Timbers

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4
Q

What is dimensional lumber

A

Lumber with standard nominal measurements fore use of construction

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5
Q

Dimensional lumber is available in what lengths

A

8 to 24 feet

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6
Q

What is nominal dimension lumber

A

Actual dimensions of processed lumber do not match the nominal dimensions within defined parameters

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7
Q

What’s the difference between nominal lumber and dimensional

A

The process of cutting a log into a rough lumber , smoothing it , shrinkage while drying

Dimensions of a piece of lumber will reduce in size to standard size in the finishing process

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8
Q

Solid wood has a useful to stem strength comparable to some types of ______ basis of strength to unit weight

A

Steel

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9
Q

What in wood greatly reduces its strength

A

Defects in wood

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10
Q

Tensile strength of wood is considered

A

About 700 psi

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11
Q

_________ is a significant factor In wood strength, as this leaves wood after the tree is cut the wood begins to shrink in size and increase in strength

A

Moisture content

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12
Q

Structural lumber has what moisture content

A

19%

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13
Q

Moisture is expressed in the tens of

A

Specific gravity

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14
Q

Wood is stronger _______ to the grain than against the grain

A

Parallel

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15
Q

What’s the allowable compressive strength parallel to the grain is from

A

325 to 1700 psi

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16
Q

When loaded in the direction of the grain wood strength is comparable to

A

Steel

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17
Q

Components are produced from a combination of wood particles and a bonding agent

A

Engineered wood

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18
Q

Engineered wood products provide the advantage of

A

Strength and cost efficiency

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19
Q

The disadvantage of engineered wood products include

A

Quick and unpredictable failure under fire conditions

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20
Q

What is grain

A

Direction of growth of a tree

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21
Q

Construction using only engineering materials is called

A

Engineered structural system

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22
Q

Material made of wood strips and resin shaped and bonded with heat and pressure

A

Laminated wood

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23
Q

Wooden structural members composed of many relatively short pieces of lumber glued together and pressure to form a extremely long strong beam

A

Glue laminated beam

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24
Q

Easy to produce but can not be used where tensile stresses will be transmitted along the length of the beam

A

Butt joint

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25
Q

Scarf or finger joints can be used to transmit

A

Tensile stresses

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26
Q

Thickness , depths , lengths of finished beams

A

Thickness - 3/4 to 2 inches
Depths - 3-75 inches
Lengths - up to 100 ft

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27
Q

Laminated components may have comparable structural integrity to solid wood components under fire conditions when

A

Protected

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28
Q

Glulam beams are used frequently in

A

Heaven timber construction where greater lengths are required

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29
Q

Laminated veneer lumber used sheets of veneer peeled from the

A

Outer portion of the log

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30
Q

LVL is used in I joist and beams sections that are

A

1 3/4 to 3 1/2 inches thick

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31
Q

Parallel strand lumber produced in standard size ranges of

A

2 to 8 ft

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32
Q

Laminated strand lumber is made of long strands of wood up to _________ in lengths and are typically used for _______ beams and columns

A

12 inches

Short span beams and columns

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33
Q

Thermoplastic composite lumber is wood like product made of what, and is not intended to be used in ________ flog a building

A

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

Polyethylene

Not intended to be structure framing

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34
Q

Thermoplastic composite lumber is primarily used in

A

Outside decks and railing because of the resistance to weather

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35
Q

What is the flame spread of thermal plastic composite lumber

A

Flame spread is 80 and fire conditions will melt like plastic and burn black smoke , sooty unlike wood

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36
Q

Nonveenered components of panels should not be trusted to maintain _________ if exposed to fire conditions

A

Structural integrity

37
Q

Plywood is produced in standard sheets of what size and the direction of the grain is aligned at _______ angles of each other

A

4ft by 8ft

Right angles

38
Q

Plywood panels are used mainly for

A

Structural purposes including sheathing over a wood frame building

39
Q

_________ panels are made of engineered wood formed into sheets using resin, heat, pressure they are what type of boards

A

Nonveenered panels

Oriented strand board
Particle board
Waferboard

40
Q

Uses long strand like wood particles compressed and glued into 3-5 layers, strands are presented in the same direction in each layer

A

Oriented strand board

41
Q

Not generally used for structural applications although is may be used in lateral force testifying diaphragms

May be single or multi layer

A

Particle board

42
Q

What board is similar to particle board but uses wafer like pieces of wood

A

Waferboard

43
Q

SIPs are are as stable as the _________ for structural collapse

A

The glues that hold them together

44
Q

Serve several functions including insulation and structural support

A

Composite panels

45
Q

One type of composite panel consists of outer wood panels (osb) with a plastic foam core between the panels, the foam between is usually polyurethane

A

Structural insulated panels (SIPs)

46
Q

Polyurethane increase fire resistants compared to

A

Polystyrene

47
Q

SIPs can be used to increase energy efficiency and the inner core can be up to 1 ft thick for large ____________

A

R values

48
Q

What’s is R value

A

A measure of the ability of a material to insulate, used in structural engineering and construction , with higher R value are more effective

49
Q

This prevents rapid speed of fire through concealed spaces within combustible construction

A

Fire stopping or fire blocking

2 inch nominal lumber
Gypsum board

50
Q

The placement of fire stopping is specified in

A

Codes

51
Q

In platform frame building the _______ installed in the top of the studs provides a fire stop that will block the spread of fire between floors within the walls

A

Plates installed

52
Q

Ballon frame construction firestoppers must be provided addition to the

A

Structural members

53
Q

Building codes require _________ i attic spaces with combustible construction

A

Draftstopping

54
Q

The usual requirement for draftsoppers is for the attic space to be subdivided into areas of

A

3,000 sqft

55
Q

What is sheathing

A

Layer of material installed outside of the studs to provide structural stability, insulation, and under layer for siding

56
Q

A layer of _________ between the sheathing and the siding acting as a vapor barrier

A

Building wrap

Modern synthetic wrap has more fire resistant than felt or tar paper

57
Q

Foam insulation is combustible and because flame spreads rapidly over its surface , _______ impose stringent regulations on its use

A

Building codes - require that the foam insulation include a face of that serves as a thermal barrier such as gypsum board to prevent or slow surface ignition of foam

58
Q

___________ covered with either paper or foil are commonly used to provide insulation in stud spaces

A

Fiberglass batts

59
Q

__________ is the exterior finish or skin

A

Cladding

60
Q

___________ insulation are applied as soft foam that hardens after application, treated with flame retardants before application

A

Solid fill foam

61
Q

What are the two types of solid fill foam insulation

A

Urea formaldehyde

Polyurethane

62
Q

The combustibility of a siding material can affect fire behavior by allowing

A

Exterior fire travel or ignition due to an exposure fire

63
Q

Overhaul of this product needs to let environmental officials notified per AHJ

A

Asbestos (commonly used from 1930s til 1970s )

64
Q

A wood frame building provided with an exterior brick or stone is called what

A

Veneer

65
Q

Veneers must be tied to the wood frame wall at intervals of

A

16 inches ( veneers add little structural support)

66
Q

Interior walls of wood framed buildings can be left exposed with not interior finishes such as garages and sheds is classified as what

A

Type V-B ( wood frame , unprotected)

67
Q

Wood frame building including the floor and roof construction is provided with protection to achieve a 1 hour fire resistance is classified as

A

Type V-A (wood frame , protected)

68
Q

Of a wood frame building is equipped with an automatic sprinkler system codes may permit the elimination of the

A

1 hour structural fire resistance

69
Q

A code may permit the elimination of structural fire resistance for roof member located more than ________ above the floor level

A

More than 20 feet

70
Q

________ and ________ are commonly used where a specified degree of fire resistance Is required

A

Gypsum board

Plaster

71
Q

Prefabricated and shipped to the construction site and common materials used

A

Manufactured components

Adhesives
Dimensional lumber
Metal fasteners
Panels

72
Q

Control on variables of wood, lumber can be graded (evaluated) for both

A

Structural strength and appearance

73
Q

Wood panel products are graded for their structural use and their

A

Exposure durability

74
Q

One serious and fundamental drawback to wood as a building material is it’s

A

Combustibility

75
Q

Wood construction has long been known to present a fire hazard because the support system itself

A

Contributes to the fire load

76
Q

Ignition of wood occurs when an ________ of sufficient intensity is applied to the wood

A

Ignition source

77
Q

The ignition source such as flame must produce enough heat to raise the temperature of the wood to a point where _______ begins

A

Pyrolysis

78
Q

What is thermal decomposition of wood and begins at a temperature somewhere below approx 392 Degrees

A

Pyrolysis

79
Q

The heat of combustion is measured in

A

British thermal units BTU

80
Q

Relationships between the available surface area of the fuel and the mass of the fuel, used to product the rate of fire consumption of combustible material

A

Surface to mass ratio

81
Q

What are the 2 methods of fire retardant treatment are

A

Surface coating

Pressure impregnation

82
Q

Charring of wood reduces the formation of _________ in the wood and slows flaming combustion

A

Volatile Gases

83
Q

Fire retardant treatments reduces

A

Wood strength allowable stresses must be matched to the values indicated after treatment

84
Q

The fire resistance of heavy timber column and beams has been tested with the standard

A

Astm e 119

85
Q

Wood framing systems most frequently encounter can be broadly classified into two basic types

A

Light wood framing

Heavy timber framing

86
Q

The exterior wall studs are continuous from foundation to the roof and vertical combustion spaces between the studs provide a channel for the rapid travel of fire between levels

A

Ballon frame construction

87
Q

Shrinkage in lumber occurs to a greater degree in the cross sectional dimensions than in its

A

Length

88
Q

Exterior wall vertical studs are not continuous to the second floor and vertical studs are erected and constructed to the floor

A

Platform framing

89
Q

Platform framing is more prone to shrinkage than

A

Ballon framing

Building Construction (6 decks)

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