Chapter 6 Foundations Flashcards
The function of a foundation is to transfer a buildings weight
To the ground
Soil properties influence what
The type of foundation and the type of building
Bedrock is able to __________ than sandy clay
Support significantly more weight
The ___________ at a site must be known before a buildings supports can be planned
Soil properties
Soil assessment measures the soil qualities and what other important factors
Water table and frost line
Two strategies used to assess soil are
Test pits and test Borings
Test boring are used when
Test pit may not reach deep enough
A shallow foundation transfers the weight of the building to the
Soil at the base of the building
Shallow footings are usually reinforced by
Footings
Footings transmit buildings loads to the
Soil in a limited amount of space
What is monolithic floor
Increased thickness of a floor slab at its edges
Wall footing is
Continues strip of concrete that supports a wall, equals the full length of the wall
Column footings are
A square pad of concrete that supports a column
Parallel structural beams often steel arranged in multiple layers at right angles to each other that are usually encased in concrete is called what
Grillage footings
Mat slab foundation is
Thick slab beneath the entire area of the building ( may be several feet thick and reinforced
The weight of the soil removed is equal to the weight of the building is called
Floating foundations
Deep foundations take the form of ________or ________ that penetrate the layers of soil directly under a building reaching soil or rock that will support the building
Piles and piers
Deep foundation type that uses beams used to support the loads
Piles
Deep foundation type that uses beams mounted on concrete wedges
Pier
On a steep slope piles or piers are driven into bedrock, and the vertical elements are connected with a what to resist the lateral force of the building
Tie beams
When a pier is designed with a footing it is know as
Belled pier
Piers are sometimes referred to what
Caisson it’s a protective sleeve used to keep water out of an excavation for a pier
________ connect to the foundation and footer and encase a basement
Foundation walls
Materials most commonly used for foundation walls
Concrete and mason art secured with mortar
Any vertical or horizontal misalignment along the length of a crack in a foundation wall indicates
Movement of a shift in the structure
Stone basements are usually found in
Older buildings
Hollow EPS blocks can be filled with concrete to create what
Insulated concrete form Construction (ICF)
Settlement of foundations is the most frequent type of
Building movement
What are the types of building settling
Settlement - downward movement
Heaving - upward movement
Lateral Displacement - outward movement
Altered load patterns may hasten structural collapse under
Fire conditions
A settling or uneven foundation can cause structural instability all the way up to
Roof level
Settlement of a foundation can either be
Uniform settles at the same rate
Differential can result to significant misalignment of structural members
Differential settlement produces distortion between what
Building components
This is frequently necessary to support the structure until underpinning can be put into place
Shoring
What’s is shoring
General term used for lengths of timber , shore jacks, hydraulic and pneumatic jacks as a temporary support to framework
What is underpinning
The use of permanent supports to strength and existing foundation
