chapter 8: joints Flashcards
What is the name of a joint that is slightly moveable?
amphiarthrosis
Which of the following is NOT a functional classification for joints?
A. synarthrosis
B. cartilaginous
C. diarthrosis
D. amphiarthrosis
B. cartilaginous
Which of the following represents a structural classification for joints that are separated by a joint cavity?
A. cartilaginous
B. synovial
C. fibrous
D. diarthrosis
B. synovial
All three joints in the figure are classified as __________.
fibrous joints
The arrows in B and C point to structures that can both be described as __________.
ligaments
Based upon structural classification, what type of joint is a suture?
fibrous joint
Which of the following is NOT an example of a fibrous joint?
A. a symphysis
B. a suture
C. a syndesmosis
D. a gomphosis
A. a symphysis
Which of these terms best categorizes the joints in the figure?
cartilaginous joints
What material is found in C and D that is not found in A and B?
fibrocartilage
A synchondrosis is a plate of ________ cartilage that unites the bones. ________ ________ plates are examples of synchondroses.
hyaline; epiphyseal plates
A joint held together by fibrocartilage would be classified as a __________ joint.
cartilaginous
What term describes the range of movement of the illustrated joint?
diarthrotic
What action(s) may take place at the elbow from its current position?
flex only
The thumb joint indicated by D allows which of the following special movements?
opposition
Which of the following is a feature of synovial joints?
A. bone ends covered with hyaline cartilage
B. the bones are connected exclusively by ligaments
C. bone ends covered with fibrocartilage
D. a bar or plate of hyaline cartilage unites the bones
A. bone ends covered with hyaline cartilage
Which type of movement does not occur at the shoulder joint?
A. extension
B. gliding
C. rotation
D. abduction
B. gliding
Which movement decreases the angle between articulating bones?
flexion
Which type of movement is unique to the forearm?
Supination and pronation
When you bring any of your fingers in contact with your thumb, this movement is called __________.
opposition
Synovial joints are classified into six main categories based on __________.
shape of articular surfaces
Sprains indicate damage to what joint component?
ligament
___________ is a common, chronic degenerative joint disease often called “wear-and-tear arthritis.”
Osteoarthritis
Which of the following joint problems is the result of an autoimmune problem?
A. Tendonitis
B. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
C. Bursitis
D. Osteoarthritis
B. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
Dislocation of a joint is a common orthopedic problem. Which of these joints is MOST likely to be dislocated?
A. Sacroiliac
B. Hip (coxal)
C. Shoulder (glenohumeral)
D. Pubic symphysis
C. Shoulder (glenohumeral)
Which of the joints will eventually develop into a synostosis?
A
What element of fibrous joints gives the joint its ability to resist stretching and control the amount of movement at the joint?
Collagen fibers
Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to joint stability?
A. the amount of muscle tone applied to tendons that cross the joint
B. the shape of the articulating surfaces
C. the amount of synovial fluid in the joint cavity
D. the number and positioning of reinforcing ligaments
C. the amount of synovial fluid in the joint cavity
Which of the following is one difference between bursae and tendon sheaths?
A. Bursae are flattened fibrous sacs wedged between adjacent structures, while tendon sheaths are elongated fibrous sacs that wrap around tendons.
B. Bursae contain a thin film of synovial fluid, while tendon sheaths lack synovial fluid altogether.
C. Bursae serve as cushioning fat pads between adjacent structures, while tendon sheaths reduce friction between adjacent structures.
D. Bursae are only found in synovial joints, while tendon sheaths are only found in fibrous joints.
A. Bursae are flattened fibrous sacs wedged between adjacent structures, while tendon sheaths are elongated fibrous sacs that wrap around tendons.
________ joints, such as the shoulder and hip, permit movement in all three planes and around all three axes.
Multiaxial
Which inflammatory joint disease is caused by the bites of ticks that live on mice and deer?
Lyme disease
The elbow is an example of a ________ joint, which functions in one plane.
uniaxial
Inflammation of a joint broadly describes all types of ________.
arthritis
A joints that is only slightly moveable is classified as a(n)
________ joint.
amphiarthroses
An immovable joint held together with hyaline cartilage is categorized as a(n) ________ joint.
synchondrosis
When a child juts her chin forward stubbornly, she is demonstrating the action of _________of the jaw.
protraction
What is a common characteristic of a syndesmosis and a symphysis?
Both may be slightly moveable
What structural arrangement usually permits the greatest freedom of movement in a joint?
bones joined by a fluid-filled articular capsule
Most joints of the body and nearly all the joints in the limbs are __________.
diarthrotic synovial joints
Which types of joints may form synostoses during normal growth and development?
synchondroses and sutures
Which of the following represents a correct statement about multiaxial joints?
A. The rounded end of the proximal metacarpal fitting into the distal surface of the carpal bone of the wrist is a classic ball-and-socket joint.
B. Movement in more than two axes is permitted in a multiaxial joint.
C. The ball-and-socket joint permits only one angular motion.
D. The articulating surfaces in the multiaxial joint are a cylindrical bone and a trough-shaped bone.
B. Movement in more than two axes is permitted in a multiaxial joint.
The muscle that generates the most power during elbow flexion is the __________.
brachialis
The prime mover of elbow extension is the __________.
triceps brachii
The __________ is a prime mover of the glenohumeral joint during flexion.
deltoid
Which of the following muscles assists during extension of the glenohumeral joint, but is not as a prime mover?
teres major
Without lateral rotation of the humerus by the teres minor and infraspinatus muscles, the maximum angle of abduction by the deltoid would be __________.
90 degrees
Abduction requires the action of two muscles, and adduction requires the action of __________.
four muscles
A reduction in the lateral angle of the glenohumeral joint in relation to the anatomical position would be called __________.
adduction
Movement of the shoulder laterally away from the body is called __________.
abduction
Movement of the elbow joint movement is limited to __________.
flexion and extension
Plane joints are the only type of synovial joint not featured in the Concept Map. Which of the following describes their range of motion?
A. A plane joint is multiaxial and allows for motion in all axes.
B. A plane joint is uniaxial and allows for flexion and extension.
C. A plane joint is non-axial and allows for gliding motion.
D. A plane joint is biaxial and allows for abduction and adduction.
C. A plane joint is non-axial and allows for gliding motion.
A ball-and-socket joint is capable of a complex movement that involves flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction performed in rapid succession called __________.
circumduction
Which terms best describe the arm movements that occur when releasing a ball to roll across the floor, such as in bowling?
shoulder flexion and and elbow extension
True or False:
Flexion of the ankle so that the superior aspect of the foot approaches the shin is called dorsiflexion.
True
True or False:
Bending of the tip of the finger exhibits flexion.
True
An individual with a “double-jointed” thumb can pull it back towards the wrist much farther than normal. What does it mean to be “double-jointed?”
the joint capsules and ligaments are more stretchy and loose than normal
True or False:
Pronation is a much stronger movement than supination.
False
Which of the following is NOT strictly a part of a synovial joint?
a. articular cartilage
b. joint (articular) cavity
c. articular (joint) capsule
d. tendon sheath
d. tendon sheath
On the basis of structural classification, which is a fibrous joint?
a. symphysis
b. syndesmosis
c. pivot
d. synchondrosis
b. syndesmosis
Presence of a synovial cavity, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, and ligaments are characteristics of what type of joint?
hinge joint
Lifting up a glass to take a drink involves the elbow joint. Which of the following correctly characterizes that joint?
diarthrotic
Synarthrotic joints ________.
are immovable
The hip joint is a good example of a/n ________ synovial joint.
multiaxial
True or False:
Synovial fluid is a viscous material that is derived by filtration from blood.
True
True or False:
All joints permit some degree of movement, even if very slight.
False
True or False:
The amount of movement permitted by a particular joint is the basis for the functional classification of that joint.
True
True or False:
Supination is the movement of the forearm in which the palm of the hand is turned anteriorly or superiorly.
True
Which ligament of the knee initiates the knee-jerk reflex when tapped?
the patellar ligament
The articular surfaces of synovial joints play a minimal role in joint stability.
True
What best describes angular movements?
They change (increase or decrease) the angle between two bones.
True or False:
Hinge joints permit movement in only two planes.
False
Which of the following movements does NOT increase or decrease the angle between bones?
a. rotation
b. circumduction
c. extension
d. abduction
a. rotation
Fibrous joints are classified as ________.
a. sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses
b. pivot, hinge, and ball and socket
c. hinge, saddle, and ellipsoidal
d. symphysis, sacroiliac, and articular
a. sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses
