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bio 168 > chapter 10: the muscular system > Flashcards

chapter 10: the muscular system Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which functional group has the major responsibility for countering a specific movement?

A

antagonist

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2
Q

Which description of a muscle action is NOT correct?
A. Antagonists counter the action of a prime mover.
B. Fixators hold joints in place, so movement does not occur.
C. Synergists help agonists.
D. Agonists are the prime movers for an action.

A

B. Fixators hold joints in place, so movement does not occur.

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3
Q

Which of the following is NOT used as a criterion for naming muscles?
A. the locations of the muscle attachments
B. the shape of the muscle
C. the number of origins for the muscle
D. the location of the muscle
E. the nervous system’s control of the muscle

A

E. the nervous system’s control of the muscle

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4
Q

Which of the following muscles is named for its size?
A. gluteus maximus
B. trapezius
C. sternocleidomastoid
D. deltoid

A

A. gluteus maximus

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5
Q

Which of the following muscles is named for its action?
A. gluteus minimus
B. biceps brachii
C. frontalis
D. adductor longus

A

D. adductor longus

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6
Q

Name the muscle at A

A

orbicularis oculi

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7
Q

Which of these muscles is visible in the figure but NOT indicated by a letter?
A. internal oblique
B. serratus anterior
C. transversus abdominis
D. external oblique

A

B. serratus anterior

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8
Q

Identify the action of the muscle at A.

A

Compress the abdomen

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9
Q

Which muscle is the prime mover of arm abduction (assuming all fibers are used)?

A

A (deltoid muscle)

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10
Q

Which of the following letters represents the infraspinatus muscle?

A

B

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11
Q

Which letter represents the biceps brachii muscle?

A

A

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12
Q

Which muscle is an antagonist to the biceps brachii muscle?

A

D (triceps brachii)

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13
Q

Which muscle provides a guide to the position of the radial artery at the wrist for taking the pulse?

A

D

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14
Q

Which of the following letters represents the sartorius muscle?

A

B

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15
Q

quadriceps femoris

A

C

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16
Q

Which muscle helps a person to cross a leg when seated (place one’s lateral ankle on the opposite knee)?

A

B

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17
Q

Identify the gluteus maximus muscle.

A

B

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18
Q

What muscle is represented by letter D?

A

biceps femoris

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19
Q

Identify the extensor digitorum longus muscle.

A

C

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20
Q

Which muscle is the prime mover of dorsiflexion?

A

D

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21
Q

Which of the following is incorrectly paired?
A. deltoid; arm flexion
B. pectoralis major; arm abduction
C. latissimus dorsi; medial arm rotation
D. trapezius; scapula rotation

A

B. pectoralis major; arm abduction

22
Q

Which of the following is a hamstring muscle?
A. rectus femoris
B. vastus lateralis
C. biceps femoris
D. vastus medialis

A

C. biceps femoris

23
Q

The major head flexor muscles are the __________.

A

sternocleidomastoid muscle

24
Q

The primary function of the deep muscles of the thorax, such as the intercostals, is to promote __________.

A

breathing

25
Q

The muscle that divides the ventral body cavity into the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities is the __________.

A

diaphragm

26
Q

The main forearm extensor is the __________.

A

triceps brachii

27
Q

Which muscle acts as both a knee (leg) extensor and hip (thigh) flexor?

A

rectus femoris

28
Q

Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A. The hamstrings cross the hip and knee joints.
B. The medial hamstrings promote medial knee (leg) rotation.
C. The hamstrings are prime movers of hip (thigh) flexion and knee (leg) flexion.
D. The hamstrings are fleshy muscles of the posterior thigh.

A

C. The hamstrings are prime movers of hip (thigh) flexion and knee (leg) flexion.

29
Q

Your patient has been referred to a physical therapist because of chronic low back pain. Which of these muscle groups would you expect the therapist to target most?

A

Abdominals

30
Q

Your elderly patient recovering from knee replacement surgery doesn’t understand why she has to do rehabilitation of the muscles around her knee. How would you explain it to her?
A. “You’ve been off your feet for awhile and we want to make sure you exercise to build your stamina back up.”
B. “We need to make sure the replacement holds up to your knee moving.”
C. “The large muscle groups that surround the knee are just as important as the bones in making sure your knee is stable. You need to strengthen them to support your new knee.”
D. “We don’t want to risk you getting a blood clot in the knee area.”

A

C. “The large muscle groups that surround the knee are just as important as the bones in making sure your knee is stable. You need to strengthen them to support your new knee.”

31
Q

True or False:
The deltoid is a prime mover of the arm that acts in adduction.

A

False

32
Q

True or False:
The broadest muscle of the back is the latissimus dorsi.

A

True

33
Q

Which of these is not a way of classifying muscles?
a. muscle shape
b. muscle location
c. the type of action they cause
d. the type of muscle fibers

A

d. the type of muscle fibers

34
Q

Which of the following muscles is not a member of the hamstrings group?
a. semimembranosus
b. vastus intermedius
c. biceps femoris
d. semitendinosus

A

b. vastus intermedius

35
Q

The names of muscles often indicate the action of the muscle. What does the term levator mean?
a. The muscle elevates
b. The muscle functions as a synergist.
c .The muscle flexes and rotates a region.
d. The muscle is a fixator and stabilizes a bone or joint.

A

a. The muscle elevates

36
Q

Which of the following best describes the orbicularis oris?
a. It pulls the lower lip down and back.
b. It closes the eye.
c. It draws the eyebrows together.
d. It closes, purses, and protrudes the lips.

A

d. It closes, purses, and protrudes the lips.

37
Q

Which of the following muscles is involved in producing horizontal wrinkles in the forehead?
a. the zygomaticus major
b. the medial pterygoid
c. the frontal belly of the epicranius
d. the temporalis

A

c. the frontal belly of the epicranius

38
Q

Which of the following muscles is not a member of the hamstrings group?
a. semimembranosus
b. vastus intermedius
c. biceps brachii
d. semitendinosus

A

b. vastus intermedius

39
Q

True or False:
Muscles are only able to pull, they never push.

A

True

40
Q

Which of the following muscles is not a rotator cuff muscle?
a. levator scapulae
b. supraspinatus
c. subscapularis
d. teres minor

A

a. levator scapulae

41
Q

When the term biceps, triceps, or quadriceps forms part of a muscle’s name, what does it tell you about the muscle?
a. The muscle has two, three, or four origins, respectively.
b. The muscle has two, three, or four functions, respectively.
c. The muscle is able to change direction twice, three times, or four times faster than other muscles, respectively.
d. The muscle has two, three, or four insertions, respectively.

A

a. The muscle has two, three, or four origins, respectively.

42
Q

True or False:
The muscle that prevents the biting of the cheek when chewing is the buccinator.

A

True

43
Q

What type of muscle assists an agonist by causing a like movement or by stabilizing a joint over which an agonist acts?
a. a synergist
b. an agonist
c. an antagonist
d. a prime mover

A

a. a synergist

44
Q

The most powerful muscle in the body is the ________.
a. rectus abdominis
b. gluteus maximus
c. gastrocnemius
d. quadriceps femoris

A

d. quadriceps femoris

45
Q

Which of the following is not a muscle primarily involved in the breathing process?
a. external intercostal
b. diaphragm
c. latissimus dorsi
d. internal intercostal

A

c. latissimus dorsi

46
Q

Which of the following muscles does not act in plantar flexion?
a. tibialis posterior
b. gastrocnemius and soleus
c. popliteus
d. flexor digitorum longus

A

c. popliteus

47
Q

A muscle that opposes, or reverses, a particular movement is a(n) ________.
a. synergist
b. agonist
c. fixator
d. antagonist

A

d. antagonist

48
Q

A nursing infant develops a powerful sucking muscle that adults also use for whistling. What is this muscle called?
a. platysma
b. zygomaticus
c. masseter
d. buccinator

A

d. buccinator

49
Q

What is a muscle that provides the major force for producing a specific movement called?
a. a fixator
b. a synergist
c. an antagonist
d. an agonist

A

d. an agonist

50
Q

Which of the following is not a member of the hamstrings?
a. biceps femoris
b. semimembranosus
c. gracilis
d. semitendinosus

A

c. gracilis

bio 168 (11 decks)

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