chapter 12: the central nervous system Flashcards
What cortical region is represented by the area at D?
primary visual cortex
Region A represents which of the following?
prefrontal cortex
What is the groove indicated by C?
central sulcus
Which of the following is the best description of the function of region B?
Region B includes neurons whose axons carry motor commands from the cerebrum.
The cortical regions indicated by E are involved in what functions?
the production + interpretation of language
Which part of the brain is the “executive suite” that controls conscious brain activity?
cerebral cortex
True or False:
In general, a primary sensory cortex breaks down sensory input into component parts, while an association cortex makes sense of sensory inputs.
True
Which part of the CNS sorts almost all sensory information ascending to the cerebral cortex?
thalamus
Which of the following best describes the hypothalamus?
A. gateway to the cerebellum
B. visceral control center of the body
C. relay station for the special senses
D. somatic motor control center
B. visceral control center of the body
Which of the following is NOT a diencephalon component?
A. hypothalamus
B. thalamus
C. pineal gland
D. superior colliculus
D. superior colliculus
True or False:
The hypothalamus is the area where afferent impulses from all senses and all parts of the body are sorted out and then relayed to the appropriate area of the sensory cortex.
False
Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus?
A. regulate the thalamus
B. regulate food intake
C. regulate body temperature
D. regulate emotional responses
A. regulate the thalamus
Which of the following regions of the brain stem carries one-way communications that advise the cerebellum of voluntary motor activities initiated by the motor cortex?
A. pons
B. midbrain
C. thalamus
A. pons
Which part of the brain processes inputs received from the cerebral motor cortex, brain stem nuclei, and various sensory receptors, and then uses this information to coordinate balance, posture, and somatic movement problems?
cerebellum
Which functional area of the brain is responsible for keeping the cortex alert and conscious and enhancing its excitability?
reticular activating system
Which of the following is correctly matched?
A. gustatory cortex; sense of hearing
B. vestibular cortex; pattern recognition
C. posterior association area: understand balance
D. limbic association area: sense of danger
D. limbic association area: sense of danger
Which of the following does not enhance the conversion of short-term to long-term memories?
A. association
B. your emotional state
C. rehearsal
D. memory consolidation
D. memory consolidation
Which of the meninges is a delicate connective tissue membrane that clings tightly to the brain like cellophane wrap following its every convolution?
pia mater
During meningitis, which of the following layers is the most likely to be a direct source of pathogens that may spread to the brain?
A. pia mater
B. arachnoid mater
C. dura mater
D. arachnoid villi
A. pia mater
__________ is a progressive degenerative disease of the basal nuclei that affects the dopamine-secreting pathways.
Parkinson’s disease
Your patient’s CT scan demonstrates a cerebral vascular accident causing damage to the inferior and posterior portions of her left cerebral hemisphere. Your patient is right-handed. What deficits should you expect?
Difficulty with movement on the right side of her body and difficulty with speech
Which of the following statements is correct concerning the spinal cord?
A. Spinal nerves have mixed motor and sensory function.
B. Just like the cerebrum, the gray matter is found on the superficial surfaces.
C. The white matter contains cell bodies for spinal nuclei.
D. Damage to sensory tracts in the spinal cord leads to paralysis.
A. Spinal nerves have mixed motor and sensory function.
Which of the following is not a feature of the major spinal cord tracts (pathways)?
A. memory
B. somatotopy
C. relay
D. decussation
A. memory
True or False:
The terms fainting and syncope describe the same thing.
True
What cells line the ventricles of the brain?
a. epithelial cells
b. astrocytes
c. ependymal cells
d. neurons
c. ependymal cells
Which brain nucleus is the body’s “biological clock”?
a. suprachiastmatic nucleus
b.subthalamic nucleus
c. lentiform nucleus
d. dorsomedial nucleus
a. suprachiastmatic nucleus
Which of the following best describes the cerebrum?
a. visceral command center
b. motor command center
c. decussation center
d. executive suite
d. executive suite
The frontal lobe is separated from the temporal lobe by the ________.
a. central sulcus
b. cranial fossa
c. longitudinal fissure
d. lateral sulcus
d. lateral sulcus
True or False:
The left cerebral hemisphere is usually dominant.
True
True or False:
Cerebrospinal fluid circulates within the ventricles of the brain and in the subarachnoid space
True
True or False:
The three basic regions of the cerebrum are the cerebral cortical gray matter, internal white matter, and the superior and inferior colliculi.
False
The white matter of the spinal cord contains ________.
a.unmyelinated nerve fibers only
b. myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers
c. myelinated nerve fibers only
d. soma that have both myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers
b. myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers
True or False: The first obvious sign that the nervous system is forming in the embryo is the thickening of the surface ectoderm to form the neural plate.
True
Injury to the hypothalamus may result in all of the following except ________.
a. loss of body temperature control
b. production of excessive quantities of urine
c. loss of proprioception
d. pathologic sleep
c. loss of proprioception
An individual who could trace a picture of a bicycle with his or her finger but could not recognize it as a bicycle is most likely to have sustained damage to the ________.
a. calcarine cortex
b. lateral geniculate body
c. primary visual area
d. visual association area
d. visual association area
Which statement is not true?
a. Stage 4 sleep increases in old age.
b. Half of infant sleep is composed of REM sleep.
c. Ten-year-olds are in REM sleep about 1.5-2 hours per night.
Incorrect
d. Sleep requirements decline from infancy to early adulthood, level off, then decline again in old age.
a. Stage 4 sleep increases in old age.
Which of the following generalizations does not describe the cerebral cortex?
a. No functional area of the cortex works alone.
b. The cerebral cortex contains three kinds of functional areas.
c. The hemispheres are exactly equal in function.
d. Each hemisphere is chiefly concerned with sensory and motor functions of the contralateral side of the body.
c. The hemispheres are exactly equal in function.
The brain area that regulates activities that control the state of wakefulness or alertness of the cerebral cortex is the ________.
a. reticular formation
b. thalamus
c. limbic system
d. pyramids
a. reticular formation
Ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are called ________.
a. sulci
b. gyri
c. ganglia
d. fissures
b. gyri
The central sulcus separates which lobes?
a. frontal from temporal
b. parietal from occipital
c. temporal from parietal
d. frontal from parietal
d. frontal from parietal
Which of the following statements is a false or incorrect statement?
a. Damage to the visual association area can result in blindness.
b. Damage to the primary auditory cortex results in the inability to interpret pitch, loudness, and location.
c. Damage to the primary motor cortex results only in the loss of both voluntary muscle control and reflexes.
d. Damage to the premotor cortex results in loss of motor skills programmed in that area but movement is still possible.
c. Damage to the primary motor cortex results only in the loss of both voluntary muscle control and reflexes.
Broca’s area ________.
a. corresponds to Brodmann’s area 8
b. serves the recognition of complex objects
c. is considered a motor speech area
d. is usually found in the right hemisphere
c. is considered a motor speech area
The primary auditory cortex is located in the ________.
a. prefrontal lobe
b. parietal lobe
c. frontal lobe
d. temporal lobe
d. temporal lobe
