Chapter 8 Intelligence

Question 1

(g) general intelligence

Answer 1

cognitive processes that influence the ability to think and learn on all intellectual tasks

Question 2

fluid intelligence

Answer 2

ability to think on the spot and solve novel problems

Question 3

crystallized intelligence

Answer 3

factual knowledge about the world

Question 4

primary mental abilities

Answer 4

secen abilities proposes by Thurstone as crucial to intelligence

Question 5

three-stratum theory of intelligence

Answer 5

Carroll’s model that places g at the top of intelligence hierarchy, eight moderately general abilities in the middle, and many specific processes at the bottom

Question 6

Weschler intelligence scale for children (WISC)

Answer 6

widely used test designed to measure the intelligence of children 6 years and older (consistent with the three-stratum framework)

Question 7

Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

Answer 7

quantitate measure, typically with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15, used to indicate a Childs intelligence relative to that other children of the same age

Question 8

Normal distribution

Answer 8

pattern of data in which scores fall symmetrically around a mean value, with most scores falling close to the mean and fewer and fewer farther from it

Question 9

Standard deviation (SD)

Answer 9

measure of variability of scores in a distribution; in a normal distribution, 68% of scores fall within 1 SD, 95% within 2 SD and 98.7% within 3 SD.

Question 10

Do IQ scores even predict anything?

Answer 10

Yes, in fact higher IQ scores are strong indicators of academic, economic, and occupational success– strongly correlated.

Question 11

Self discipline

Answer 11

the ability to inhibit actions, follow rules, and avoid impulsive reactions (strongly correlated with high achievement)

Question 12

HOME (home observation for measurement of the environment) studies found…

Answer 12

positive correlation between high HOME scores and IQ tests, but causation is not certain..(experiments also took place in houses with biological parents)

Question 13

Flynn Effect

Answer 13

consistent rise in average IQ scores that has occurred over the past 80 years in many countries (probably due to higher quality of life and improving societies)

Question 14

Multiple intelligence theory

Answer 14

Gardner’s theory of intellect, based on the view that people possess at least 8 types of intelligence (much less supported but positive in thought)

Question 15

Gardner’s 8 areas of intellect

Answer 15

1. linguistic
2. logical-mathematical
3. spatial abilities
4. musical
5. naturalistic
6. bodily-kinesthetic
7. intrapersonal
8. interpersonal

Question 16

Theory of successful intelligence

Answer 16

Sternberg’s theory of intellect, based on the view that intelligence is the ability to achieve success in life

Question 17

Phonemic Awareness

Answer 17

ability to identify component sounds in words

Question 18

Phonological Recording Skills

Answer 18

ability to translate letters into sounds and to blend sounds into words; informally called sounding out

Question 19

Visually based retrieval

Answer 19

proceeding directly from the visual form of a word to its meaning

Question 20

Strategy choice process

Answer 20

procedure for selecting among alternative ways to solve a problem

Question 21

Mental Model

Answer 21

Cognitive processes used to represent a situation or sequence of events

Question 22

Comprehension Monitoring

Answer 22

process of keeping track of one’s understanding of a verbal description or text

Question 23

Dyslexia

Answer 23

inability to read and spell well despite having normal intelligence

Question 24

Script

Answer 24

typical sequence of actions used to organize and interpret repeated events, such as eating at restaurants, going to doctors’ appointments, etc.

Question 25

Numerical magnitude representations

Answer 25

mental models of the sizes of numbers, ordered along a less-to-more dimension

Question 26

Mathematical equality

Answer 26

concept that the values on each side of the equal sign must be equivalent

Question 27

Gesture-speech mismatches

Answer 27

phenomena in which hands movements and verbal statements convey different ideas

Question 28

What contributes to higher math learning in East Asian countries?

Answer 28

Cultural emphasis on math and language that is more descriptive of math terms.