Chapter 8 Intelligence Flashcards
(g) general intelligence
cognitive processes that influence the ability to think and learn on all intellectual tasks
fluid intelligence
ability to think on the spot and solve novel problems
crystallized intelligence
factual knowledge about the world
primary mental abilities
secen abilities proposes by Thurstone as crucial to intelligence
three-stratum theory of intelligence
Carroll’s model that places g at the top of intelligence hierarchy, eight moderately general abilities in the middle, and many specific processes at the bottom
Weschler intelligence scale for children (WISC)
widely used test designed to measure the intelligence of children 6 years and older (consistent with the three-stratum framework)
Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
quantitate measure, typically with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15, used to indicate a Childs intelligence relative to that other children of the same age
Normal distribution
pattern of data in which scores fall symmetrically around a mean value, with most scores falling close to the mean and fewer and fewer farther from it
Standard deviation (SD)
measure of variability of scores in a distribution; in a normal distribution, 68% of scores fall within 1 SD, 95% within 2 SD and 98.7% within 3 SD.
Do IQ scores even predict anything?
Yes, in fact higher IQ scores are strong indicators of academic, economic, and occupational success– strongly correlated.
Self discipline
the ability to inhibit actions, follow rules, and avoid impulsive reactions (strongly correlated with high achievement)
HOME (home observation for measurement of the environment) studies found…
positive correlation between high HOME scores and IQ tests, but causation is not certain..(experiments also took place in houses with biological parents)
Flynn Effect
consistent rise in average IQ scores that has occurred over the past 80 years in many countries (probably due to higher quality of life and improving societies)
Multiple intelligence theory
Gardner’s theory of intellect, based on the view that people possess at least 8 types of intelligence (much less supported but positive in thought)
Gardner’s 8 areas of intellect
- linguistic
- logical-mathematical
- spatial abilities
- musical
- naturalistic
- bodily-kinesthetic
- intrapersonal
- interpersonal
Theory of successful intelligence
Sternberg’s theory of intellect, based on the view that intelligence is the ability to achieve success in life
Phonemic Awareness
ability to identify component sounds in words
Phonological Recording Skills
ability to translate letters into sounds and to blend sounds into words; informally called sounding out
Visually based retrieval
proceeding directly from the visual form of a word to its meaning
Strategy choice process
procedure for selecting among alternative ways to solve a problem
Mental Model
Cognitive processes used to represent a situation or sequence of events
Comprehension Monitoring
process of keeping track of one’s understanding of a verbal description or text
Dyslexia
inability to read and spell well despite having normal intelligence
Script
typical sequence of actions used to organize and interpret repeated events, such as eating at restaurants, going to doctors’ appointments, etc.
Numerical magnitude representations
mental models of the sizes of numbers, ordered along a less-to-more dimension
Mathematical equality
concept that the values on each side of the equal sign must be equivalent
Gesture-speech mismatches
phenomena in which hands movements and verbal statements convey different ideas
What contributes to higher math learning in East Asian countries?
Cultural emphasis on math and language that is more descriptive of math terms.
