Chapter 8 - Imperial and Colonial Policy Flashcards
How did India begin to modernise?
. Extension of railways
. Investment in education - raised literacy rates
Why did Indians accept British rule?
Believed British rule was the best road to the future
When was the partition of Bengal?
1905
What were the 2 sides of the partition?
. East - Muslim majority
. West - Hindu majority
Why did Curzon resign after the partition?
. Hindu elite annoyed - owned land in East Bengal
. Partition was unpopular
When was the Indian Muslim League created?
1906 by Muslim elites in East Bengal
When was Bengal united?
1911
When were the Morley-Minto reforms introduced?
1909
When was the Indian Councils Act made and what did it mean?
. 1909
. Enables 27 Indians to be elected from provincial constituencies
Where was the Indian capital moved to?
. From Calcutta to Delhi
. Done so by Viceroy Hardinge
What are capitulations?
Privileges by the Sultan which protected Europeans from Muslim laws against Christians
What is the Caisse de la Dette?
Controlled Egypt’s finances
How many Britons were in the Egyptian government by 1905?
Over 100
How much was Egypt in debt by?
. £70m
. Baring helped by cutting spending on Egypt’s military and bureaucracy
How did Egypt’s economy improve?
. Investments in irrigation schemes
. Improved conditions of the Egyptian labourers
What happened to Egypt’s exports?
. Sugar + cotton exports increased x3
. Population increased by 10m
What was the Denshawai incident?
1906
. British officer shot and wounded the wife of Muslim prayer
leader
. Other soldiers killed a villager who they falsely accused of being an assassin due to the officer’s death in the intense heat
What did Sir Eldon Gorst do in Egypt?
. Brought more Egyptians into government to weaken the Egyptian nationalist party
What happened to the Khedive?
He was deposed + replaced by Hussein Kamel
What alliances were formed in Europe?
. Germany + Austria-Hungary - later joined by Italy
. France + Russia
What did Kaiser Wilhelm II do?
. Challenged Britain for its colonies
. Est relations with Ottomans - easier access to Africa
When did Britain and France sign the Entente?
1904
What happened to Russia in 1905?
. Russia lost Russo-Japanese war
. Weakened Tsarist rule
What was the 1909 Imperial Conference held for?
To deal with the threat of Germany?
What happened in 1914?
. Germany invaded Belgium
. Britain joined the - allied with France+ Russia
. WW1 began
