Chapter 20 - Colonial Policy and Administration Flashcards
What were colonial administrators required to do?
Raise colonial production and modernise economies
What were administrators meant to protect?
Protect trading commodities, guard vital supplies and destroy insurgents, especially those linked with communism
When did Dominions become independent?
1931
What is the ‘Wind of Change’?
Harold Macmillan was the Conservative PM in the 1960s and he made a speech and made it clear that Britain would grant its independence to its African territories
When was the Suez Crisis?
1956
When did Egypt gain independence?
1922
How many troops did Britain have in the Suez Canal?
10,000
Who declared themselves King of Sudan?
King Farouk - he was king of Egypt
He was overthrown by Colonel Passer in a coup
Who was Anthony Eden?
Foreign Secretary in Churchill’s cabinet
What did Egypt promise the British?
Promised Britain free access through the Suez Canal and respect the independence of the Suez Canal Company
When was the Baghdad Pact made and what did it mean?
1935 - pact between Turkey, Pakistan, Iraq, Britain and Persia to repeal any Soviet threat to the Middle East
Which countries did Nasser make alliances with?
Communist Czechoslovakia for arms and signed an alliance with Syria
When did Eden become PM?
1955
When did Nasser become President of Egypt?
June 1956
When did Nasser Nationalise the Suez Canal
July 1956
What % of the Suez Canal shares did the British government hold?
44%
What did Britain and France do to counter Nasser?
Britain joined France in a joint assault
Secret Anglo-French military discussions took place
Eden believed that the removal of Nasser from power would ensure the security of British and French interests in the Middle East
What was ‘Protocol of Sevres’?
Israel would attack Egypt, and France/Britain would attack the following day
This would be followed by a Franco-British invasion of the Canal zone
What were the result of the ‘Protocol of Sevres’?
Israelis routed the Egyptian forces
Anglo-French force knocked out the Egyptian Air Force - the Egyptian forces remained resilient
America refused to support sterling in the currency crisis which the war had brought upon Britain
How long did it take Britain to announce a ceasefire?
5 days
What were the consequences of the ‘Protocol of Sevres’?
Britain’s power was undermined on the world stage
British forces could surrender if nationalist movements seeking independence were powerful
It was best to accede the nationalist movements and it was no longer worth having African colonies
What was the Truman Doctrine?
1947 - USA pledged its help to countries resisting communism, and provided financial and military aid such as Greece and Turkey
What did the Marshall Plan do?
Provided Britain with $3.3 billion of support
When was NATO formed?
1949
What was SEATO?
Southeast Asia Treaty Organisation 1954: brought together Australia, France, New Zealand, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, Britain and the USA
What was the EEC?
EEC-European Economic Community - Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and West Germany
When did Britain join the EEC?
1973
What countries joined the Commonwealth?
India and Pakistan joined in 1947, and Burma refused to in 1948
