Chapter 1 - Expansion of the empire in Africa

Question 1

What were colonies of settlement?

Answer 1

Colonies largely populated by British white settlers

Question 2

What are crown colonies?

Answer 2

Non-European countries that were governed by the British and were developed mainly for trading purposes

Question 3

What is a protectorate?

Answer 3

Area with its own ruler but placed under the protection of the British crown

Question 4

What is chartered company rule?

Answer 4

An area ruled by a trading company

Question 5

What is a veiled protectorate?

Answer 5

A state controlled by another indirectly

Question 6

What are the reasons for expansion into Africa?

Answer 6

Factors:
. Moral
. Economic
. Strategic
. Personal influence

Question 7

What were the moral factors?

Answer 7

Missionaries saw it as their duty to spread the gospel and civilise Africa

Question 8

What were the economic factors?

Answer 8

. British merchants opened up new routes to travel for trade and commerce
. Discovered new materials such as rubber, gold, oil, diamonds

Question 9

What were the strategic factors?

Answer 9

. France and Germany were threats as they are building empires
. Germany united in 1871
. Swing to the east - Britain lost America
. Forts built along the Gold Coast to protect African colonies
. Cape Colony protected Britain’s sea routes to India and other parts of the Empire

Question 10

What were the personal influences?

Answer 10

George Goldie and Cecil Rhodes - Imperialists and Traders

Question 11

Why was Egypt important to Britain?

Answer 11

Lost America as a colony which was rich in cotton - Egypt had vast amounts of cotton which led to Britain going to Egypt

Question 12

What made the Suez Canal important?

Answer 12

. Cut through Egypt to connect the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea
. Allowed for quicker trading routes

Question 13

What was dual control in Egypt?

Answer 13

Egyptian economy in large debts and led to France and Britain controlling it in 1878

Question 14

How did Britain Est control over Egypt?

Answer 14

. Ismail Pasha deposed in 1879 and his son Tewfiq was the new Khedive
. British money kept the Egyptian economy running, and the Khedive Tewfiq was heavily influenced by the British

Question 15

What happened to Arabi Pasha?

Answer 15

. He was defeated
. Tewfiq restored as a puppet ruler and had to govern in the way the British wanted

Question 16

What happened to the Egyptian army?

Answer 16

. Reduced by 2/3 - unemployment rose

Question 17

Who is General Gordon?

Answer 17

Sent from Britain to act as a governor of Egyptian-administered Sudan

Question 18

Who declared themselves as the Mahdi?

Answer 18

Muhammad Ahmad - believed he was the saviour of Mankind

Question 19

What happened to General Hicks?

Answer 19

1883 British-Egyptian military expedition - Hicks was killed

Question 20

What happened to General Gordon?

Answer 20

. Did not retaliate and he died as he was beheaded
. No further campaigns took place until 1896