Chapter 12 - Relations with indigenous people

Question 1

What challenges were faced in India?

Answer 1

. Indian professional classes dislike British rule

. Nationalist Newspapers rejecting British rule were read by the British in India and sentenced many of the writers to imprisonment or labour camps

. Partition of Bengal was unpopular - led to British good being boycotted

Question 2

What were the challenges in Somalia?

Answer 2

. Sayyid-Hassan - Somali religious warrior who resisted British rule

. Built a force of 20,000 Dervish forces and was supplied with weapons by the Ottomans

Question 3

What were the challenges in West Africa?

Answer 3

. Governor Colonel Cardew introduced a hut tax which was met with a lot of resistance

. Cardew in response hanged 96 of the chief’s warriors

. Set fire to entire villages, farms and crops killing hundreds in the process

Question 4

What were the challenges in Sudan?

Answer 4

. Downfall of the Mahdist Regime destroyed the Sudanese economy and saw a decline in population of 50% due to famine, disease and persecution

. Tribes refused to pay taxes

. Took the British 30yrs to subdue the tribes

. The British held a series of public hangings

Question 5

What were the causes of the Boer War?

Answer 5

. Boers imposed high tariffs on trade and Paul Kruger was the leading Boer politician

. Discovery of gold in the Rand

. Uitlanders had to have 14 years residency in the Transvaal and be over 40 years of age - basically denied the vote

. Milner demanded the vote for Uitlanders - Kruger refused

. Kruger also issued an ultimatum for the withdrawal of the British troops

Question 6

When did the Boer War end?

Answer 6

. 1902 - Britain won

Question 7

What were scorched earth tactics?

Answer 7

General Kitchener incinerated Boer farms and livestock

Question 8

What were some of the consequences of the Boer War?

Answer 8

. Boer families and black Africans were sent to concentration camps and suffered horrible conditions - many died due to malnourishment + disease

. 115,000 people were living in these concentration camps - by the end of the war

Question 9

What was the cost of the Boer War to Britain?

Answer 9

400,000 troops - costing £230 million

Question 10

How many British troops died from disease?

Answer 10

. 16,000 British soldiers died due to disease

. Nearly 3x as many died from enemy action

Question 11

What were the casualties for the British and for the Boers?

Answer 11

. 22,000 British troops died

. 6000 Boers died