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APEGS > Chapter 8 + hurricane basics (atmosphere) > Flashcards

Chapter 8 + hurricane basics (atmosphere) Flashcards

1
Q

tropical cyclone

A

large thunderstorm complexes rotating around an area of low pressure that have formed over warm tropical or subtropical ocean water

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2
Q

hurricanes

A

tropical cyclones in ATLANTIC AND NORTHEASTERN PACIFIC OCEAN

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3
Q

min winds for hurricane

A

74 mph

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4
Q

min ocean temp for hurricane

A

80 degrees F

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5
Q

hurricanes start out as a

A

tropical disturbance

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6
Q

elongated area of low pressure is a

A

trough

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7
Q

when a low pressure cell forms, the hurricane is now a

A

tropical depression

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8
Q

low pressure cell

A

circular areas of lower than normal atmospheric pressure that are associated with cloudy and rainy weather

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9
Q

min winds for a tropical storm

A

63 kmh

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10
Q

direction hurricanes circle in N hemi

A

counterclockwise around the low pressure cell

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11
Q

how many states have coastal erosion

A

30

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12
Q

3 tracks of hurricanes

A
  1. towards florida but turns back before it can hit
  2. passes cuba and hits gulf coast
  3. skirts east coast
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13
Q

most tsunamis come from what ocean?

A

pacific (85 percent)

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14
Q

most serious tsunami threat

A

hawaii

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15
Q

what is used to measure erosion

A

LIDAR

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16
Q

where is the most erosion

A

cape cod, english norfolk coast, and then california

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17
Q

rate of erosion depends on

A

resistance of earth materials

energy of waves

18
Q

hurricanes cause damage in 3 ways. what are they

A
  1. storm surge
  2. wind damage
  3. freshwater flooding
19
Q

what causes the most fatalities in a hurricane

A

storm surge (90%)

20
Q

storm surge

A

local rise of sea level that results from hurricane winds pushing water towards the coast

21
Q

where do higher storm surges develop

A

on broad, shallow coastlines where wind-driven water slows down from friction with the ocean bottom
also when the tide is high

22
Q

WHERE ARE STORM SURGE AND WIND DAMAGE GREATEST IN HURRICANES

A

RIGHT FORWARD QUADRANT

23
Q

overwash

A

deposits formed by sand eroded from the beach and coastal sand dunes that is carried landward by the stomr

24
Q

washover channels

A

channels that the storm surge cuts through the beach and dunes perpendicular to the shoreline
particularly a problem on islands and peninsulas

25
Q

most washover channels are repaired naturally by

A

littoral drift and wave action in the months following the storm

26
Q

greatest velocity and precipitation of winds at the

A

eye wall

27
Q

eye wall

A

consists of the clouds and rain that surround the calm eye of the hurricane

28
Q

tsunami arrival can be predicted within

A

1.5 minutes

29
Q

ingredients for a hurricane

A
  1. pre existing weather disturbance
  2. warm tropical oceans
  3. moisture
  4. relatively light winds (low wind shear)
30
Q

average number of storms that develop per year

A

10 (6 become hurricanes)

31
Q

tropical depression

A

an organized system of clouds and thunderstorms with a defined surface circulation and maximum sustained winds of 38 mph or less

32
Q

tropical storm

A

an organized system of strong thunderstorms with a defined surface circulation and maximum sustained winds of 39-73mph

33
Q

hurricane

A

an intense tropical weather system of strong thunderstorms with a well defined surface circulation and maximum sustained winds of 74 mph or greater

34
Q

eye forms due to

A

rapidly sinking air at the center dries and warms the area

35
Q

things that can end a hurricane

A
  1. wind shear
  2. cooler water or drier areas
  3. landfall (Friction)
36
Q

a weakening hurricane can reintensify if it

A

moves into a more favorable region or interacts with mid latitude frontal systems

37
Q

how wide are typical hurricanes

A

300 miles wide

38
Q

hurricanes average forward speed

A

15-20 mph

39
Q

why is the right side of a hurricane most dangerous

A
  1. the additive effect of the hurricane wind speed

2. speed of the larger atmospheric flow

40
Q

low pressure center is formed during

A

tropical depression

APEGS (9 decks)

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