Water Quality Lab Manual (hydrosphere) Flashcards
THE TEMPERATURE OF A BODY OF WATER INFLUENCES ITS
OVERALL QUALITY
IF WATER TEMP CHANGES BY EVEN A FEW DEGREES OVER A ONE MILE STRETCH OF THE STREAM IT COULD INDICATE A SOURCE OF
THERMAL POLLUTION
ANOTHER FACTOR THAT MAY AFFECT WATER TEMPERATURE IS
THE TEMPERATURE OF THE AIR ABOVE THE WATER
A SHALLOW STREAM IS MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO CHANGES IN TEMP THAN
A DEEP RIVER
FACTORS THAT AFFECT WATER TEMPERATURE
AIR TEMPERATURE AMOUNT OF SHADE SOIL EROSION INCREASING TURBIDITY THERMAL POLLUTION FROM HUMAN ACTIVITIES CONFLUENCE OF STREAMS
EFFECTS OF WATER TEMPERATURE
SOLUBILITY OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN
RATE OF PLANT GROWTH
METABOLIC RATE OF ORGANISMS
RESISTANCE IN ORGANISMS
MORE ___ CAN BE DISSOLVED IN COLD WATER THAN IN WARM WATER
GAS
INCREASED WATER TEMPERATURE CAN ALSO CAUSE AN INCREASEIN THE PHYOTOSYNTHETIC RATE OF
AQUATIC PLANTS AND ALGAE
WHEN TEMP BECOMES TOO HOT OR COLD, ORGANISMS BECOME
STRESSED, LOWERING THEIR RESISTANCE TO POLLUTANTS, DISEASES, AND PARASITES
THE CONCENTRATIONS OF WHICH 2 IONS DETERMINES THE PH VALUE
HYDROGEN AND HYDROXIDE
WATER WITH A PH OF 7 IS CONSIDERED TO BE
NEUTRAL
ACIDIC
H EXCEEDS OH
BASIC
OH EXCEEDS H
RAINFALL GENERALLY HAS A PH VALUE BETWEEN
5 AND 6.5
RAINFALL IS ACIDIC BECAUSE
DISSOLVED CO2 AND AIR POLLUTANTS
STREAMS AND LAKES ARE OFTEN
BASIC WITH PH VALUES BETWEEN 7 AND 8
FACTORS THAT AFFECT PH LEVELS
ACIDIC RAINFALL ALGAL BLOOMS LEVEL OF HARD WATER MINERALS RELEASES FROM INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES CARBONIC ACID FROM RESPIRATION OR DECOMPOSITION OXIDATION OF SULFIDES IN SEDIMENTS
ALKALINITY
MEASUREMENT OF CAPACITY OR ABILITY OF THE BODY OF ATER TO NEAUTRALIZE ACIDS IN THE WATER
TURBIDITY
MEASURE OF WATERS LACK OF CLARITY
EFFECTS OF TURBIDITY
REDUCES WATER CLARITY
AESTHETICALLY DISPLEASING
DECREASES PHOTOSYNTHETIC RATE
INCREASES WATER TEMP
HIGH TURBIDITY WILL DECREASE
PHOTOSYNTHSIS
WHEN WATER IS CLOUDY IT WILL BE
WARMER
EXPECTED LEVELS OF TURBIDITY
BETWEEN 1 NTU AND 50 NTU
STANDARD FOR DRINKING WATER IS
.5 NTU TO 1 NTU
SOURCES OF TURBIDITY
SOIL EROSION URBAN RUNOFF INDUSTRIAL WASTE ABUNDANT BOTTOM DWELLERS ORGANICS
DIVERSITY OF ORGANISMS IS GREATEST AT
HIGHER DO CONCENTRATIOINS
SOURCES OF DO
DIFFUSION FROM ATMOSPHERE
AERATION AS WATER MOVES OVER ROCKS AND DEBRIS
AERATION FROM WIND AND WAVES
PHOTOSYNTHESIS OF AQUATIC PANTS
FACTORS THAT AFFECT DO LEVELS
TEMPERATURE AQUATIC PLANT POP DECAYING ORGANIC MATERIAL IN WATER STREAM FLOW ALTITUDE HUMAN ACIVITIES
NITRATES ARE NECESSARY FORPLANTS TO
SYNTHESIZE AMINO ACIDS AND PROTEINS
EUTROPHICATION
EXCESSIVE GROWTH OF AQUATIC PLANTS AND ALGAE
EXPECTED LEVELS OF NITRATE
.1 TO 4 MG/L
NITROGEN FIXATION
BACTERIA CONVERT ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN INTO AMMONIUM
AMMONIFICATION
BACTERIA CAN CONVERT NITROGEN IN DECAYING PLANT AND ANIMAL MATTER AND WASTE PRODUCTS IN THE SOIL OR WATER TO AMMONIUM
NITRIFICATION
AMMONIUM IONS TURN INTO NITRATE
PONDS AND SWAMPS USUALLY HAVE A HIGHER AMONNIUM NITROGEN LEVEL THAN
FAST FLOWING WATER
ALKALINITY IN SURFACE WATER COMES FROM
CALCIUM CARBONATE LEACHED FROM ROCKS AND SOIL
WATER IN EASTERN HALF OF us WILL AVE A HIGHER ALKALINITY THAN WEST BECAUSE
HIGHER OCCURRENCE OF LIMESTONES
OLIGOTROPHIC
CALCIUM ION CONCENTRATION DROPS BELOW 5 MG/L
HARD WATER
WHEN WATER PASSES THROUGH OR OVER MINERAL DEPOSITS SUCH AS LIMESTONE
STREAM FLOW OR DISCHARGE
VOLUME OF WATER THAT MOVES THROUGH A SPECIFIC POINT IN A STREAM DURING A GIVEN PERIOD OF TIME
2 COMPONENTS OF STREAM FLOW
FLOW VELOCITY
VOLUME OF WATER IN STREA
