Chapter 8 - Homeostasis Of Blood Sugar Flashcards
What is glucose?
Simple sugar found in the blood
What is glycogen?
A molecule of long chains of glucose molecules
What is glycogenesis?
- formation of glycogen from other carbohydrates, particularly glucose
What is glycogenolysis?
- breakdown of glycogen into glucose
What is gluconeogenesis?
- conversion of fats of protein into glucose
Where is glycogen stored?
- 100g in liver
- 400g in skeletal muscles
What brings blood into the liver?
Hepatic portal vein
What takes blood out of the liver?
Hepatic vein
What occurs to blood inside the liver?
- glucose is used by liver cells as energy source
- glucose is converted into glycogen and stored
What process does insulin stimulate?
Glycogenesis
What process does glucagon stimulate?
Glyconolysis
What do the beta cells of the islets of Lamgerhans do?
Secrete insulin
What are the four effects that insulin has?
- enables entry of glucose into cells
- promotes glycogenesis in liver
- promotes fat storage
- promotes protein synthesis
What do the beta cells of the islets of Lamgerhans secrete?
Glucagon
What are the two effects that glucagon has?
- promotes glycogenolysis in the liver
- promotes gluconeogenesis
What hormones are secreted by the adrenal glands to maintain blood glucose levels?
- cortisol (low)
- adrenaline and noradrenaline (low)
What does cortisol do?
- stimulates glycogenolysis in the liver
- stimulates protein breakdown in muscles and conversion of amino acids to glucose in the liver
What do adrenaline and noradrenaline do?
- stimulates glycogenolysis in liver
- stimulates release of glucose into blood
What is normal blood glucose level?
- 4-6millimoles per litre
- 90mg/100mL
