Chapter 8 - Homeostasis Of Blood Sugar

Question 1

What is glucose?

Answer 1

Simple sugar found in the blood

Question 2

What is glycogen?

Answer 2

A molecule of long chains of glucose molecules

Question 3

What is glycogenesis?

Answer 3

• formation of glycogen from other carbohydrates, particularly glucose

Question 4

What is glycogenolysis?

Answer 4

• breakdown of glycogen into glucose

Question 5

What is gluconeogenesis?

Answer 5

• conversion of fats of protein into glucose

Question 6

Where is glycogen stored?

Answer 6

• 100g in liver

- 400g in skeletal muscles

Question 7

What brings blood into the liver?

Answer 7

Hepatic portal vein

Question 8

What takes blood out of the liver?

Answer 8

Hepatic vein

Question 9

What occurs to blood inside the liver?

Answer 9

• glucose is used by liver cells as energy source

- glucose is converted into glycogen and stored

Question 10

What process does insulin stimulate?

Answer 10

Glycogenesis

Question 11

What process does glucagon stimulate?

Answer 11

Glyconolysis

Question 12

What do the beta cells of the islets of Lamgerhans do?

Answer 12

Secrete insulin

Question 13

What are the four effects that insulin has?

Answer 13

• enables entry of glucose into cells
• promotes glycogenesis in liver
• promotes fat storage
• promotes protein synthesis

Question 14

What do the beta cells of the islets of Lamgerhans secrete?

Answer 14

Glucagon

Question 15

What are the two effects that glucagon has?

Answer 15

• promotes glycogenolysis in the liver

- promotes gluconeogenesis

Question 16

What hormones are secreted by the adrenal glands to maintain blood glucose levels?

Answer 16

• cortisol (low)

- adrenaline and noradrenaline (low)

Question 17

What does cortisol do?

Answer 17

• stimulates glycogenolysis in the liver

- stimulates protein breakdown in muscles and conversion of amino acids to glucose in the liver

Question 18

What do adrenaline and noradrenaline do?

Answer 18

• stimulates glycogenolysis in liver

- stimulates release of glucose into blood

Question 19

What is normal blood glucose level?

Answer 19

• 4-6millimoles per litre

- 90mg/100mL