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Science > Chapter 8: Force and Motion > Flashcards

Chapter 8: Force and Motion Flashcards

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1
Q

What is force?

A

A push or pull on an object

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2
Q

How to result in force?

A

Have interaction with another object.

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3
Q

Can force be seen,can it affect us?

A

Force cannot be seen, but it can affect us

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4
Q

State 6 types of force.

A
  • gravatitional force
  • frictional force
  • normal force
  • elastic force
  • buoyant force
  • weight
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5
Q

What is a gravatitional force?

A

A force that pulls objects toward the centre of Earth

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6
Q

What is a normal force?

A

A force that acts in perpendicular to the surface of an object

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7
Q

How is normal force produced?

A

When an object comes in contact with a surface

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8
Q

What is weight?

A

The weight of an object is defined as the gravatitional force acting on it

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9
Q

What is frictional force?

A

A force that exists between 2 surfaces that are rubbing each other

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10
Q

What is the relationship between direction of frictional force and direction of object moving?

A

The direction of the frictional force is opposite to the direction the object moving into

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11
Q

What is elastic force?

A

A force in an elastic object due to stretching or compression.

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12
Q

Under what condition the object is said to be elastic?

A

Enable stretched or compressed object to return the object to the original state or length or width

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13
Q

What is a buoyant force?

A

The thrust force acting on an object that is floating on the surface of a fluid

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14
Q

What are the charateristics of force?

A
  • magnitude
  • direction
  • point of application
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15
Q

What is magnitude of force?

A

the amount of force applied

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16
Q

Under vector quantity, what is force’s characteristics?

A
  • magnitude

- direction

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17
Q

What wil happen if a moving object has an external force applied?

A

it accelerates

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18
Q

How can the magnitude of a force be measured?

A

using a spring balance

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19
Q

What is the relationship between the weight of object and the length of spring?

A

When the weight of an object increases, the length of the spring also increases

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20
Q

How to measure weight using the spring balance?

A
  • suspend freely at the hook

- read the reading on the scale that shows the weight of that object

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21
Q

How to measure frictional force using the spring balance?

A
  • pull the object horizontally using the hook until it moves

- read the reading on the scale that shows frictional force

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22
Q

What is the ratio of moon’s gravity and earth’s gravity?

A

1:4

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23
Q

In what situtation the object doesnt move?

A

If the net force =0

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24
Q

What is Newton’s third law?

A

For every action force, there is a reaction force of the same magnitude but in opposite direction

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25
Q

What is the relationship between reaction force and force putten on?

A

Reaction’s force= force putten on

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26
Q

Does action and reaction force have the same direction and acceleration?

A

No

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27
Q

What is the effect of force?

A
  • Shape
  • Speed
  • Position
  • Direction
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28
Q

What is the condition for an object to float?

A

if buoyant force equals to weight of object

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29
Q

What is the formula for buoyant force?

A

Buoyant force= real weight- apparent weight

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30
Q

What is an apparent weight?

A

Weight in water

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31
Q

What is the relationship between density and buoyant force?

A

The stronger the buoyant force the less dense the object

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32
Q

What is the use of a plimsoll line?

A

Help to determine the safe level for a ship to stay afloat

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33
Q

Why do they need plimsoll lines?

A

Because all ocean’s density is different

34
Q

What are levers?

A

Simple machine to help our work be done easier

35
Q

Why are levers used?

A

It uses less force than usual

36
Q

What are the 3 classes of lever?

A 
First class lever
Second class lever
Third class lever
37
Q

What are the 3 positions in levers?

A
  • fulcrum
  • load
  • effort
38
Q

What is the effort distance?

A

Length between effort and fulcrum

39
Q

What is the load distance?

A

Length between load and fulcrum

40
Q

What is the unit of force and load?

A

Newton, N

41
Q

Can we use ‘in the centre’ to state things between the lever?

A

No

42
Q

What is the first class lever?

A

fulcrum in between

43
Q

What is the advantage of a first class lever?

A

Overcome a large load with small effort

44
Q

What is the second class lever?

A

Load in between

45
Q

What is the relationship between load distance and force used in second class lever?

A

The shorter the load distance, the less force used

46
Q

What is the relationship between effort distance and force used in second class lever?

A

The longer the effort distance, the less force used

47
Q

What is the advantage of second class lever?

A

Overcome a large load with small effort

48
Q

What is third class lever?

A

Effort in between

49
Q

What is the relationship between ‘distance between effort and load’ and force used

A

The longer the distance between effort and load, the more force used

50
Q

What is the advantage of using a third class lever?

A

A big effort is necessary to overcome a small load

51
Q

What is the moment of force?

A

A force applied to a lever at a distance from the fulcrum

52
Q

What is the unit and formula for moment of force

A

Force (N) x Perpendicular distance from fulcrum (m) = Nm (moment of force)

53
Q

What are the factors affecting the moment of force?

A
  • force

- distance of force from fulcrum

54
Q

What is the relationship between moment of force and distance of force from fulcrum?

A

The longer the distance of force from fulcrum, the less force needed

55
Q

What are the 2 forces that acts in a lever?

A
  • load

- effort

56
Q

In what condition there will not be a turning effect at the fulcrum?

A

equal moments of force

57
Q

What is the formula for equilibrium lever?

A

L(dl)=E(de)

Load x distane of load from fulcrum= Effort x distance of effort from flcrum

58
Q

What affects pressure?

A

surface area

59
Q

What is the relationship between surface area and pressure exerted?

A

The larger the surface area, the lower pressure exerted

60
Q

What is the SI unit and formula for pressure?

A

Formula: N/m^2

SI unit: pascal (Pa)

61
Q

What is gas pressure?

A

The air around us presses on the surfaces of the objects that are in it

62
Q

What is the kinetic theory of gases?

A

gases that are tiny, discrete moves constatly and randomly. Therefore, they collide with each other and with walls of containers.
Colliding with a surface exerts a force, causing the air pressure to increases.

63
Q

What are the factors that affect air pressure?

A
  • volume

- temperature

64
Q

What is the relationship between volume and air pressure?

A

The smaller the volume, the higher the air pressure

65
Q

How to exlain the why when volume is smaller, the air pressure is higher?

A

Decreasing the volume makes the air particles move about in a smaller space, causing them to collide more often. The force exerted increased, leading to rising of pressure

66
Q

What is the relationship between temperature and air pressure?

A

The higher the temperature, the higher the air pressure

67
Q

How to explain the relationship between temperature and pressure?

A

When the temperature increases, the air particles recieve more heat energy and move about faster, causing them to collide more often. The force exerted increased, leading to the rise in pressure.

68
Q

What is atmospheric pressure?

A

The pressure applied by the atmosphere onto the surface of the Earth and all the bodies on this Earth

69
Q

State some examples of appliances and devices using atmospheric pressure.

A

Appliances:

  • syringe
  • spraying pump
  • siphon
  • drawing straw
  • plunge
  • rubber sucker

Devices:

  • vacumm cleaner
  • bicycle pump
  • dropper
  • filter pump
  • pipette
  • bunsen burner
70
Q

Explain how is atmospheric pressure used in plunger.

A

The plunger is first pushed downwards to force the air out from under the rubber sucker, creating low air pressure under rubber sucker and high atmospheric pressure outside plunger. The high air pressure in the drainage pipe will push and loosen the blockage, causing the blockage to flow with water

71
Q

Explain the process of vacummed atmospheric pressure using magdeburg hemisphere

A

When air is pumped out, the space inside becomes vacuum, making the pressure inside being zero, while atmospheric pressure exerts huge force on hemisphere, making both magdeburg hemispheres difficult to seperate

72
Q

Explain the usage of atmospheric pressure in drinking straw

A

When we suck through a drinking straw, the air inside is sucked out, reducing the air pressure inside, leading to high atmospheric pressure that pushes liquid up into the straw

73
Q

Explain the use of siphon.

A

transfer liquid from higher level tolower lever

74
Q

What is altitude?

A

distance above sea level

75
Q

State the relationship between altitude and atmospheric pressure.

A

The higher the altitude, the lower the atmospheric pressure

76
Q

Why is atmospheric pressure at a lower altitude high?

A

because most air molecules are pulled by gravatitional force, forcing it to be closer to the ground

77
Q

Why is atmospheric pressure at a higher altitidue low?

A

because air molecules are less influenced by gravatitional force, causing them to be lighter and easily expanded

78
Q

What are the effects of depth on liquid pressure?

A

Weight of liquid exerting pressure on it.

79
Q

What is the relationship between depth of liquid and pressure?

A

The deeper the liquid, the higher the pressure

80
Q

Why are walls of the dam thicker at the bottom?

A

Liquid pressure increases with depth and may destroy the wall from bottom if maintained same thickness

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