Chapter 8 - Food Safety Flashcards
a balanced diet can…
keep us healthy
what is a balance diet ?
it refers to one with the correct types and amounts of foods and drinks that will provide sufficient nutrients and energy to our body
besides eating a balanced diet, we need to ….
- eat foods in moderation meaning that we do not overeat
2. eat at regular times means we must eat at proper meal times.
what are nutrients?
nutrients are substances found in food
why do we need nutrients
it is needed by our body and it serves many functions
what are the 3 essentials in a balanced diet
nutrients water and dietary fiber
state 5 types of nutrients
- carbohydrates
- proteins
- fats
- vitamins
- mineral salts
what are carbohydrates
carbohydrates provide a source of energy for the body
what are some examples of carbohydrates
bread , rice , wheat and potatoes
what are proteins
proteins are needed for tissue growth and repair
what are some examples of proteins
lean meat , milk , fish and eggs
what are fats
fats provides a source of energy and act as a solvent to absorb fat soluble vitamins
examples of fats
cooking oil , fat meat and butter
what are vitamins
vitamins are consumed in small amounts to promote good health.
what does vitamin C do ?
vitamin C helps and strengthens the gums and prevents it from bleeding and infections
examples of Vitamin C
citrus fruits like grapes , lemons and grapes
what does vitamin D do?
vitamin D strengthens and supports the bones like calcium
examples of vitamin D
fish , eggs and cod liver oil ( fish oil )
what are mineral salts
they are also good for the body, some mineral salts are calcium and iron
what is calcium
calcium strengthens and supports the bones. it also prevents the bones from being fractured
examples of calcium
dairy products are high in calcium
what is iron
iron is needed in blood to carry oxygen around and it is also needed for respiration .
examples of iron
green vegetables, red meat , liver and egg yolk
how does water help us in a balanced diet?
water is needed to prevent dehydration and constipation
what is constipation
constipation refers to a condition whereby a person finds it hard and painful to pass out solid faeces out of the body
what does dietary fiber help us in our balanced diet
it helps to maintain a healthy digestive system and prevent constipation
examples of dietary fibre
vegetables, whole grain cereals and fruits
what is a healthy plate
healthy plate is guide to healthy eating
what are the benefits of having a healthy diet
having a healthy diet will provide the sufficient nutrients and energy to our body.
Fill half your plate with…..
fruits and vegetables
why should we put half of our plate with fruits and vegetables ?
because fruits and vegetables are rich in dietary fibre , vitamins and minerals. eating more vegetables and fruits can prevents us from any heart diseases, stroke or cancer.
fill 1/4 of your plate with
brown rice and whole meal bread.
why should we put 1/4 of our plate with brown rice and whole meal bread
whole grain food contains vitamins and minerals and consuming more of these will prevent the risk of heart diseases and diabetes
fill 1/4 of your plate with
meat and others
The food we eat contains many….
Nutrients
What are the important information on the nutrition label
- nutritional values
- serving sizes
- serving suggestions
- expiry dates
What is the formula to find the daily values
Dv ÷ recommended value x 100
What are the key nutrients
- Fats
- Carbohydrates
- protiens
- vitamins
- mineral salts
What type of nutrients should we eat more and why?
Dietary fibre , vitamins A and C, calcium and iron because A can improve our health
Why should we eat less calories
Because it can prevent us from obesity
What are the 3 disadvantages if we eat too much unhealthy food
High blood pressure, diabetes and obesity
What causes us to get high blood pressure
From eating too that contains a lot of salt, fats and Cholesterol ( fried food )
How can we reduce the risks of getting high-blood pressure.
Eat a diet that is Low in sodium , cholesterol and fat we should exercise and eat more fruits And green vegetables and drink lots of water
What are the causes of getting diabetes
A diet high in sugar
What is obesity
It is when someone eats food that contains a lot of sugar and fats and does very little exercise
What is the test that tests for the presence of starch
Iodine test
What Is the test that tests for proteins
Biuret test
What is the test that tests for oil
Oil blot test
What are microbes
They are tiny living organisms that can only be seen with a microscope
What are some examples of microbes
Bacteria and fungI
What are some actions of food that are by microbes
Milk becoming sour, mould on bread
What are some things that are useful and are used by microbes
Makes daily products , and helps to make bread
What are the factors that can lead to food spoilage
Temperature, reducing water content, ph and the oxygen supply
What is sterilisation
It involves heating food above 100 degrees to kill the microbes. After heating , the food is then packed Into sterilized containers
Example: milk
What is pasteurisation
It involves heating food between 70 degrees to 80 degrees for 15 seconds
Will all microbes be killed and why
No because paesturisation is heated at a lower temperature than sterilisation
What canning
It involves putting the food into containers that are heated under pressure to kill harmful microbes
What are some foods that we can use with canning
Vegetables , seafood and fruits
What is freezing
It involves rapidly cooling food to temperatures below 4 degrees
How does freezing help with killing microbes
Freezing reduces the microbes activity because microbial growth is slower in Low temperatures
Will all the microbes be killed
No
What is another reason why
So that food can be kept fresh longer
What are the 3 methods that helps to reduce water content
Freeze drying dehydration and using chemical preservatives
What is dehydration
It is the process of removing water content from food by using heat
