Chapter 8 Flashcards - The Executive Branch and the Federal Bureaucracy

Question 1

administrative adjudication

Answer 1

A quasi-judicial process in which a bureaucratic agency settles disputes between two parties similar to the way courts resolve disputes. The administrative ajudication decided that the FBI would get the right ya to the court case involving the marijuana drug dealers.

Question 2

administrative discretion

Answer 2

The ability of bureaucrats to make choices concerning the best way to implement congressional or executive intentions. According administrative discretion, the bureaucrats found a way to execute the president’s demand for more federal help in the White House.

Question 3

Cabinet departments

Answer 3

Major adminstrative units with responsibility for a broader area of government operations. Departmental status usually indicates permanent national interest in a particular governmental function, such as defense, commerce, or agriculture. The Cabinet departments set up an important meeting discussing their future plans for the country.

Question 4

civil service system

Answer 4

The merit system by which many federal bureaucrats are selected. The civil service system accounted for the 1200 applicants that applied and reviewed the top 50 for the positions needed urgently in the fall of 2017.

Question 5

Department of Homeland Security

Answer 5

Cabinet departments created after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks to coordinate domestic security efforts. The agents of the Department of Homeland Security decided to investigate the dangerous court case that ruled in favor of the homeland security agent who allegedly beat his three children to near death.

Question 6

federal bureaucracy

Answer 6

The thousands of federal government agencies and institutions that implement and administer federal laws and programs. The federal bureaucracy had separate meetings with Congress to discuss the importance of many laws that were passed in the last year.

Question 7

Federal Register

Answer 7

The official journal of the U.S. government, including all federal rules and public notices so that citizens and organization can follow proposed changes and comply with rule changes. The Federal Register was updated last week by the workers of the government but they forgot to add important details on the latest case.

Question 8

government corporations

Answer 8

Businesses established by Congress to perform functions that private businesses could provide, such as the U.S. Postal Service and Amtrak. Often established when the financial incentives for private industry to provide services are minimal. The government corporations recieved private funding but are turning to more public sources to reach their goal.

Question 9

G.I. (Government Issue) Bill

Answer 9

Federal legislation enacted in 1944 that provided college loans for returning veterans and reduced mortgage rates to enable them to buy homes. The Government Issue Bill is still used today for students who have a member in the military or armed forces.

Question 10

Government corporations

Answer 10

Businesses established by Congress to perform functions that private businesses could provide, such as the U.S. Postal Service and Amtrak. Often established when the financial incentives for private industry to provide services are minimal. The government corporations recieved private funding but are turning to more public sources to reach their goal.

Question 11

Great Depression

Answer 11

A severe global economic downturn marked by mass unemployment and poverty that began in the United States in 1929 and persisted to some degree until the end of the 1930s. The effects of the Great Depression are still remembered in the history books because it affected many countries not just America.

Question 12

Great Society

Answer 12

Reform program begun in 1964 by President Lyndon B. Johnson that was a broad attempt to combat poverty and discrimination through urban renewal, education reform, and unemployment relief. The Great Society effects are still around today, because of the implementation, there are government programs that help with financial relief.

Question 13

Hatch Act

Answer 13

The 1939 Act to prohibit civil servants from taking activist roles in partisan campaigns. This act prohibited federal employees from making political contributions, working for a particular party, or campaigning for a particular candidate. The Hatch Act affected candidates whose primary funding was from federal employees leaving the candidates to find different means of funding.

Question 14

implementation

Answer 14

The process by which a law or policy is put into operation. Through the process of implementation, many laws were put into law and are still effective for operations.

Question 15

independent executive agencies

Answer 15

Governmental units that closely resemble a Cabinet department have narrower areas of responsibility and perform services rather than regulatory functions. The independent executive agencies are less responsible for the laws but act as the Cabinet for the government.

Question 16

independent regulatory commission

Answer 16

An entity created by Congress outside a major executive department that regulates a specified interest or economic activity. The independent regulatory commission is responsible for duties that involve economically advancing the Congress and their respective jurisdictions.

Question 17

interagency councils

Answer 17

Working groups created to faciliate coordination of policy making and implementation across a host of governmental agencies. The interagency councils help created the No Fly policy if you are convicted for a felony within the last 10 years.

Question 18

iron triangles

Answer 18

The relatively ironclad relationships and patterns of interaction that occur among agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees or subcommittees. The iron triangles between the two federal agencies for Congress have strengthened their relationship and have passed many laws that advanced the improvement of the legislative branch.

Question 19

issue networks

Answer 19

This loose and informal relationships that exist among a large number of actors who work in broad policy areas. Issue networks have been estranged because the actors have weakening relationships with each other that affect their work.

Question 20

Max Weber

Answer 20

German sociologist active in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries who articulated the hierarchical structure and near-mechanical functioning of bureaucracies in complex societies. Max Weber advanced the ideas of federal bureaucracy and made the society more orderly for the government.

Question 21

merit system

Answer 21

A system of employment based on qualifications, test scores, and ability, rather than party loyalty.

Question 22

patronage

Answer 22

Jobs, grants, or other special favors that are given as rewards to friends and political allies for their support. Patronage helped many political figures because the costs for campaign can be decreased.

Question 23

Pendleton Act

Answer 23

Reform measure that established the principle of federal employment on the basis of open, competitive exams and created the Civil Service Commission. The pendelton Act was a challenge for many members with no prior experience but it strengthened the civil service commission.

Question 24

policy coordinating committees (PCCs)

Answer 24

Committee created at the sub-Cabinet level to faciliate interactions between agencies and departments to handle complex policy problems. The policy coordinating committees have failed in resolving relations but have strived to improve their quality of work in the last year.

Question 25

regulations

Answer 25

Rules gorverning the operation of all government programs that have the force of law. The regulations passed have been adjusted to help the government programs get laws passed.

Question 26

rule making

Answer 26

A quasi-legislative process resulting in regulations that have the characteristics of a legislative act. The process of rule making have helped Congress gain more power in the government but fail to have any influence on the other branches.

Question 27

Sixteenth Amendment

Answer 27

Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that authorized Congress to enact a national income tax. The sixteenth amendment has helped Congress accumulate the funding of many programs.

Question 28

spoils system

Answer 28

The firing of public-office holders of a defeated political party to replace them with loyalists of the newly elected party. The spoils system was discontinued because the implementation of the merit system and it stopped the loyalists from achieving power easily.

Question 29

World War I

Answer 29

A global military conflict that took place from 1914-1918 across Europe and its overseas territories. The United States militarily intervened from 1917-1918. World War I was a conflict that ruined relationships with many Asian countries but improved relations with European countries for the US.

Question 30

World War II

Answer 30

A global military conflict that took place from 1939-1945 in Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Pacific region. The United States was formally involved in the war from 1941-1945. World Warr II cost a lot of money for the U.S. and also helped many people question the ethics of the United States.