APGOV CH.2 Alexander Johnson

Question 1

Alexander Hamilton

Answer 1

an American statesman and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He was an influential interpreter and promoter of the U.S. Constitution, as well as the founder of the nation’s financial system, the Federalist Party, the United States Coast Guard, and the New York Post newspaper.

Question 2

Anti-Federalists

Answer 2

a diverse coalition of people who opposed ratification of the Constitution. They were an impressive group of leaders who were especially prominent in state politics.

Question 3

Article I

Answer 3

gives Congress its powers and limits. Congress is the legislative branch of the government, meaning they are the ones to make laws for the United States of America.

Question 4

Article II

Answer 4

the section that makes the executive branch of the government. The Executive branch of the government is the branch that has the responsibility and authority for the administration throughout the day of the state.

Question 5

Article III

Answer 5

establishes the judicial branch of the federal government. The judicial branch comprises the Supreme Court of the United States and lower courts as created by Congress.

Question 6

Article IV

Answer 6

The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government, and shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened) against domestic Violence.

Question 7

Article V

Answer 7

describes the process whereby the Constitution, the nation’s frame of government, may be altered. Altering the Constitution consists of proposing an amendment or amendments and subsequent ratification.

Question 8

Article VI

Answer 8

establishes the laws and treaties of the United States made in accordance with it as the supreme law of the land, forbids a religious test as a requirement for holding a governmental position and holds the United States under the Constitution responsible for debts incurred by the United States under the Articles of Confederation.

Question 9

Article VII

Answer 9

sets the number of state ratifications necessary in order for the Constitution to take effect and prescribes the method through which the states may ratify it.

Question 10

Articles of Confederation

Answer 10

an agreement among the 13 original states of the United States of America that served as its first constitution.

Question 11

Benjamin Franklin

Answer 11

an American polymath and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States.

Question 12

Bill of RIghts

Answer 12

the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. The Bill of Rights amendments add to the Constitution specific guarantees of personal freedoms and rights, clear limitations on the government’s power in judicial and other proceedings, and explicit declarations that all powers not specifically delegated to Congress by the Constitution are reserved for the states or the people.

Question 13

Checks and Balances

Answer 13

counterbalancing influences by which an organization or system is regulated, typically those ensuring that political power is not concentrated in the hands of individuals or groups.

Question 14

Common Sense

Answer 14

a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in 1775–76 advocating independence from Great Britain to people in the Thirteen Colonies

Question 15

Constitution

Answer 15

a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is governed.

Question 16

Constitutional Convention

Answer 16

The Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia met between May and September of 1787 to address the problems of the weak central government that existed under the Articles of Confederation.

Question 17

Crispus Attucks

Answer 17

an American stevedore of African and Native American descent, widely regarded as the first person killed in the Boston massacre and thus the first American killed in the American Revolution.

Question 18

Critical Period

Answer 18

a period during someone’s development in which a particular skill or characteristic is believed to be most readily acquired.

Question 19

Declaration of Independence

Answer 19

the statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting at the Pennsylvania State House (now known as Independence Hall) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on July 4, 1776.

Question 20

Electoral College

Answer 20

a body of electors established by the United States Constitution, constituted every four years for the sole purpose of electing the president and vice president of the United States.

Question 21

enumerated powers

Answer 21

Article I, Section 8 of the United States Constitution, Congress may exercise the powers that the Constitution grants it, subject to the individual rights listed in the Bill of Rights.

Question 22

Federalism

Answer 22

the mixed or compound mode of government, combining a general government with regional governments in a single political system.

Question 23

Federalists

Answer 23

the Pro-Administration party until the 3rd United States Congress, was the first American political party. It existed from the early 1790s to 1816.

Question 24

The Federalist Papers

Answer 24

a collection of 85 articles and essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay under the pseudonym “Publius” to promote the ratification of the United States Constitution.

Question 25

First Continental Congress

Answer 25

a meeting of delegates from twelve of the Thirteen Colonies who met from September 5 to October 26, 1774, at Carpenters’ Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, early in the American Revolution.

Question 26

French and Indian War

Answer 26

The French and Indian War was the North American conflict in a larger imperial war between Great Britain and France known as the Seven Years’ War. The French and Indian War began in 1754 and ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1763.

Question 27

full faith and credit clause

Answer 27

Article IV, Section 1 of the United States Constitution, known as the “Full Faith and Credit Clause”, addresses the duties that states within the United States have to respect the “public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state.”

Question 28

George Washington

Answer 28

the first President of the United States, and was among the nation’s Founding Fathers. As commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, he was the principal force in victory, effected with the surrender of the British at Yorktown

Question 29

Great Compromise

Answer 29

an agreement that large and small states reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that in part defined the legislative structure and representation that each state would have under the United States Constitution.

Question 30

implied powers

Answer 30

powers authorized by the Constitution that, while not stated, seem implied by powers that are expressly stated.

Question 31

inherent powers

Answer 31

powers held by a sovereign state. In the United States, the President derives these powers from the loosely worded statements in the Constitution that “the executive Power shall be vested in a President” and the president should “take care that the laws be faithfully executed”.

Question 32

James Madison

Answer 32

an American statesman and Founding Father who served as the fourth President of the United States from 1809 to 1817. He is hailed as the “Father of the Constitution” for his pivotal role in drafting and promoting the United States Constitution and the Bill of Rights.

Question 33

John Jay

Answer 33

an American statesman and Founding Father who served the United States in numerous government offices.

Question 34

Lexington and Concord

Answer 34

the first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War. The battles were fought on April 19, 1775 in Middlesex County, Province of Massachusetts Bay, within the towns of Lexington, Concord, Lincoln, Menotomy, and Cambridge.

Question 35

Mercantilism

Answer 35

a national economic policy that is designed to maximize the trade of a nation and historically to maximize the accumulation of gold and silver as well as crops.

Question 36

Montesquieu

Answer 36

A French judge, man of letters, and political philosopher. He is famous for his articulation of the theory of separation of powers, which is implemented in many constitutions throughout the world.

Question 37

necessary and proper clause

Answer 37

A clause in Article I, Section 8 of the United States Constitution that is as follows:
The Congress shall have Power … To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.

Question 38

New Jersey Plan

Answer 38

A proposal for the structure of the United States Government presented by William Paterson at the Constitutional Convention on June 15, 1787.

Question 39

New World

Answer 39

One of the names used for the majority of Earth’s Western Hemisphere, specifically the Americas.

Question 40

political culture

Answer 40

the manifestation of the psychological and subjective dimensions of politics. A political culture is the product of both the history of a political system and the histories of the members.

Question 41

Samuel Adams

Answer 41

an American statesman, political philosopher, and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States.

Question 42

Second Continental Congress

Answer 42

A convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that started meeting in the spring of 1775 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It succeeded the First Continental Congress, which met in Philadelphia between September 5, 1774, and October 26, 1774.

Question 43

separation of powers

Answer 43

a model for the governance of a state. Under this model, a state’s government is divided into branches, each with separate and independent powers and areas of responsibility so that the powers of one branch are not in conflict with the powers associated with the other branches.

Question 44

Shay’s Rebellion

Answer 44

An armed uprising in Massachusetts, mostly in and around Springfield during 1786 and 1787. American Revolutionary War veteran Daniel Shays led four thousand rebels in a protest against perceived economic and civil rights injustices.

Question 45

social contract theory

Answer 45

a theory or model that originated during the Age of Enlightenment and usually concerns the legitimacy of the authority of the state over the individual.

Question 46

Sons and Daughters of Liberty

Answer 46

A secret organization that was created in the Thirteen American Colonies to advance the rights of the European colonists and to fight taxation by the British government.
The formal women Patriot association that was formed in 1765 to protest the Stamp Act and later the Townshend Acts, as well as a general term for women who identified themselves as fighting for liberty during the American Revolution.

Question 47

Stamp Act Congress

Answer 47

a meeting held between October 7 and 25, 1765, in New York City, consisting of representatives from some of the British colonies in North America; it was the first gathering of elected representatives from several of the American colonies to devise a unified protest against new British taxation.

Question 48

supremacy clause

Answer 48

establishes that the Constitution, federal laws made pursuant to it, and treaties made under its authority, constitute the supreme law of the land.

Question 49

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 49

an American Founding Father who was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence and later served as the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809.

Question 50

Thomas Paine

Answer 50

an English-born American political activist, philosopher, political theorist and revolutionary.

Question 51

Three-Fifths Compromise

Answer 51

The population of slaves would be counted as three-fifths in total when apportioning Representatives, as well as Presidential electors and taxes. The Three-Fifths Compromise was proposed by James Wilson and Roger Sherman, who were both delegates for the Constitutional Convention of 1787.

Question 52

Virginia Plan

Answer 52

a proposal by Virginia delegates for a bicameral legislative branch. The plan was drafted by James Madison while he waited for a quorum to assemble at the Constitutional Convention of 1787.