Chapter 8: Exam 1 Flashcards
what are the indications for topical anesthetic use
minimize injection site discomfort
xray film placement
periodontal charting
placing rubber dams
controlling gag reflex
Benzocaine:
Ester
Most common concentration- __%
Poor systemic ________ = low toxicity
Onset- ___ seconds
Peak- ___ minutes
Duration- ____ minutes
No established maximum recommended dose
Pregnancy category _____
20
absorption
30
2
5-15
C
what are the contraindications for benzocaine
pregnant or lactating
highly abraded tissue
underweight children or adults
history of methemoglobinemia
allergy to ester
Dyclonine Hydrochloride:
Ketone
Most common concentration- ___%
Onset- ___ minutes
Duration- ___ minutes
Maximum recommended dose- ___ mg
Pregnancy category ___
1
2-10
30
200
C
Lidocaine:
Amide
Most common concentration- ___%
______ is rare
Onset- ___ minutes
Peak- ____ minutes
Duration- ____ minutes
Maximum recommended dose- _____ mg
Pregnancy category ____
5
toxicity
1-2
5-10
15
200-300
B
Tetracaine Hydrochloride:
Ester
Most common concentration- _____%
Most _____ of the topicals
Onset- _____
Duration- _____ minutes
Maximum recommended dose- ___ mg
Pregnancy category ___
0.25-0.5
potent
slow
20-60
20
C
what are the contraindications for tetracaine hydrochloride
pregnant or lactating
highly abraded tissue
allergy to ester
severe kidney disease
what are the local adverse reactions to topical anesthetics
tissue sloughing
edema
delayed hypersensitivity
redness
pain
burning at application site
what are the systemic reactions to local anesthetic
allergic reactions
overdose (uncommon)
methemoglobinemia
what are the signs of methemoglobinemia associated with topical anesthetics
lethargy, cyanosis, and trouble breathing
eutectic mixtures are powdered drugs suspended in this to form a cream
oil or water
what are examples of eutectic mixtures
EMLA and oraqix
EMLA:
_____% prilocaine/lidocaine
Amides
Onset- ______ minutes
Duration- no information provided
Maximum recommended dose- no information provided
Pregnancy category ____
2.5
5-10
B
eutectic mixtures provide a more rapid onset on skin and greater depth of _____________
penetration
Oraqix:
_____% prilocaine/lidocaine
Amides
Onset- ____ seconds
Duration- ____ minutes
Maximum recommended dose- ____ cartridges
Pregnancy category _____
2.5
20-30
20
5
B
