Chapter 8 Definitions Flashcards
management
the process of coordinating people and other resources to achieve the goals of an organisation
planning
establishing organisational goals and deciding how to accomplish them
mission
a statement of the basic purpose that makes an organisation different from others
strategic planning process
the establishment of an organisation’s major goals and objectives and the allocation of resources to achieve them
goal
an end result that an organisation is expected to achieve over a one- to ten-year period
objective
a specific statement detailing what an organization inteds to accomplish over a shorter period of time
optimization
balancing process to achieve some sort of balance between conflicting goals
SWOT analysis
the identification and evaluation of a firm’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats
core competencies
approaches and processes that a company performs well that may give it an advantage over its competitors.
plan
an outline of the actions of which an organization intends to accomplish its goals and objectives
strategic plan
an organisation’s broadest plan, developed as a guide for major policy setting decision making
tactical plan
a smaller scale plan developed to implement a strategy
operational plan
a type of plan designed to implement tactical plans
contingency plan
a plan that outlines alternative courses of action that may be taken if an organizations other plans are disrupted or become ineffective
organising
the grouping of resources and activities to accomplish some end result in an efficient and effective manner
leading
the process of influencing people to work toward a common goal
motivating
the process of providing reasons for people to work in the best interests of an organization
directing
the combined processes of leading and motivating
controlling
the process of evaluating and regulating ongoing activities to ensure that goals are achieved
top manager
an upper-level executive who guides and controls the overall fortunes of an organization
middle manager
a manager who implements the strategy and major policies developed by top management
first-line manager
a manager who coordinates and supervises the activities of operating employees
financial manager
a manager who is primarily responsible for an organisation’s financial resources
operations manager
a manager who manages the systems that convert resources into goods and services
marketing manager
a manager who is responsible for facilitating an organisation and its customers or clients
human resources manager
a person charged with managing an organisation’s human resources programs
administrative manager
a manager who is not associated with any specific functional area but who provides overall administrative guidance and leadership
conceptual skills
the ability to think in abstract terms
analytic skills
the ability to identify problems correctly, generate reasonable alternatives, and select the “best” alternatives to solve problems
interpersonal skills
the ability to deal effectively with other people
technical skills
specific skills neede to accomplish a specialised activity
communication skills
the ability to speak, listen and write effectively
leadership
the ability to influence others
autocratic leadership
task-orientated leadership style in which workers are told what to do and how to accomplish it
workers have no say in the decision-making process
participative leadership
leadership style in which all members of a team are involved in identifying essential goals and developing strategies to reach those goals
entrepreneurial leadership
personality-based leadership style in which the manager seeks to inspire workers with a vision of what can be accomplished to benefit all stakeholders
decision making
the act of choosing one alternative from a set of alternatives
problem
the discrepancy between an actual condition and a desired condition
total quality management
the coordination of efforts directed at improving customer satisfaction, increasing employee participation, strengthening supplier partnerships, and facilitating an organisational atmosphere of continuous quality improvement
benchmarking
a process used to evaluate the products, processes, or management practices of another organisation that is superior in some way to improve quality.
