Chapter 8 - Command and Control / Emergency management Flashcards
1
Q
When responding to an incident, who has primary responsibility (to ensure risk is managed appropriately)?
A
Incident controller
2
Q
What is at the core of determining how Police intervene or deploy?
A
TENR
3
Q
What must the response be to any given situation?
A
- considered
- timely
- proportionate
- appropriate
4
Q
TENR - Threat
A
Threat is assessed.
This means:
Any individual / act / anything
that is likely to cause harm
Or
Have the potential to hinder Police
In the performance of their duties.
5
Q
TENR - Exposure
A
Is managed - including the potential for harm (physical or otherwise)
To people
Or
The security of places or things
6
Q
TENR - Necessity
A
To intervene IMMEDIATELY is considered
Is there a need to intervene now / later / not at all?
7
Q
TENR - Response
A
Any response is
- proportionate and
- based on a considered assessment of THREAT / EXPOSURE / NECESSITY
8
Q
What must be considered when responding to a situation?
A
Consider the impact on
- Police
- our partners
- the focus of our attention (victims / offenders / communities)
- any 3rd parties impacted
9
Q
Who does command & control / Emergency management apply to?
Safety first
A
All employees - whether holding the office of Constable or not.
10
Q
What is Control?
A
Operates horizontally across agencies
11
Q
What is command?
A
Operates vertically within an agency
12
Q
What is CIMS?
A
Coordinated Incident Management System
13
Q
What is the model used by Police for command and control?
A
CIMS
(Coordinated Incident Management System)
14
Q
What are the 3 essential elements of Command & Control?
A
- Leadership
- Decision making
- Control
as well as
- behaving lawfully & ethically
- with a prevention & victim focus
15
Q
What is vitally important for the Controller / Commander to ensure?
A
Ensure that key decisions are recorded / documented in the Decision Log
16
Q
What is the Controller / Commanders role?
A
To provide
- Leadership
- Make decisions - within their authority
- to ensure their directives are implemented (by exercising control)
17
Q
Who has accountability?
A
Accountability remains with the Controller / Commander
But -
various elements of
- leadership
- decision making
- control
CAN BE DELEGATED
18
Q
When must TENR (and assessment/management of health & safety) be applied?
A
Must be applied at all levels - as Police escalate their response.
From initial incident to major sustained operations.
19
Q
Who controls an incident?
A
When a controller is appointed - they are in control of the incident.
HOWEVER - can only “command” staff within their own agency.
20
Q
What does “control” refer to?
A
The responsibility for coordinating and directing the response to an incident.
21
Q
What does “control” do?
A
- Sets priorities and objectives AND determines how best to implement them
- includes authority to assign tasks to another agency AND to coordinate that agencies wider actions (so that it integrates with the wider response)
22
Q
What does Control NOT include?
A
- ownership / administrative responsibility / management of another agencies resources.
23
Q
Does “Control” operate horizontally between response agencies?
A
YES
24
Q
What can Command and Control apply to?
A
Used to respond to incidents and operations ranging in scope and size.
Can range from:
- Policing a local community event
- Critical incident
- Major Critical event - including natural or man-made disasters.
- Anything which requires the mobilisation of Police / Multiple agencies.
25
Does a “Controller” command other agencies staff?
NO - they control the incident.
Coordination occurs when “command & control” is communicated to all responders (and their agencies)
By giving appropriate taskings - that are completed correctly, in a timely manner.
26
What environments will Police Command & Control be utilised?
A variety!!
- business as usual
- rising tide events
- critical incidents
- major critical events
- planned operations
- spontaneous operations
27
What else does command cover?
Command operates vertically within an organisation and describes
- internal ownership
- administrative responsibility
- detailed direction of an agency’s personnel & resources
28
Does command include responsibility for welfare, morale and discipline of assigned staff??
YES
29
Why does Police use the CIMS model?
Coordinated Incident Management System
- provides ONE model of command, control, and coordination.
- consistent with any interagency response
- understood and practiced by multi agency partners
- consistent with SOP’s already in place
- already practiced by Police at all levels and is the operating model for Front Line at emergency incidents
30
What do CIMS principles recognise?
Recognises that each agency needs to retain its own command structures
And working methods
In order to function effectively within its own sphere of operations.
31
What provides a means of coordinating the efforts of different agencies as they work towards a common goal of responding to and stabilising an incident and protecting life, property and the environment??
CIMS
Coordinated Incident Management System
32
What are the three specific command levels Police conduct duties within?
- Tactical
- Operational
- Strategic
33
Do all incidents require Commanders to be appointed at the Operational and Strategic level?
NO
any TACTICAL level incident / event
No matter how minor
Has a tactical level commander.
Not all incidents / events require commanders to be appointed at operational or strategic level.
34
What is TACTICAL command?
The level within which Police resources are directly deployed within the community.
Almost all policing occurs at the tactical command level.
35
What are the functions undertaken by the Tactical level commander?
- command of
- inner cordon
- immediate situation
- all police & resources within cordons
- command within the intent provided by the Operational / Strategic Commander (if appointed)
- manage interagency coordination at
the tactical level
36
When does the Operational Command level exist?
When there are multiple tactical level activities
Or
When the complexity of the situation requires a higher level of command.
37
What are the functions undertaken by the Operational level Commander?
Command of
- overall incident (s)
- resource distribution to support tactical commanders
- the response outside the area of tactical deployment (e.g overall police response during an AOS deployment)
- manage interagency coordination at the operational level
- the response within the Strategic Commanders intent (if one is appointed)
38
When is the strategic level command appointed?
When the scope / consequence / community or political implications of an event is significant
And requires dedicated attention
39
What are the functions undertaken by a Strategic Commander?
- command overall Police operation
- command multiple operational level activities (e.g cross District boundary events)
- command community consultation response
Provide liaison between Media / Government / Agencies and the operational Commander
-
40
What is the Internationally recommended “Span of Control”?
Between 2-7 Direct reports
41
Why is there a span of control recommendation?
Should be limited so that the Controller or Commander does not become overloaded.
2-7 direct reports - but must be flexible
42
Can you have more than one Command or Control structure or Command or Control authority at any one time?
No
There can only be one
43
For the purposes of CIMS - what is an emergency defined as??
Emergency is defined as
“A situation that poses an IMMEDIATE risk to
- life
- health
- property
- or the environment
That requires a coordinated response”
44
What are the components (4 R’s) of Emergency Management
- Risk Reduction
- Readiness (to respond)
- Response
- Recovery
45
Civil Defence Emergency Act 2002
(CDEM)
- provides for a state of local emergency to be declared
- provides for certain people to be authorised to declare a state of local emergency
- provides powers to the CDEM group when a state of emergency is in force
46
Who is authorised to declare a state of local emergency?
The CDEM group must appoint at least 1 person (rep of the group)
- a mayor (for their territory)
- a Minister
- if more than 1 appointed - CDEM must state whether they have equal status to make declaration - or only authorised in absence of another named person
47
What is an emergency situation?
As defined in Civil Defence Emergency Act 2002
Is the result of any happening
- natural or otherwise
- explosion / earthquake / eruption / tsunami / land movement / flood / storm / tornado / cyclone / serious fire / leak or spill / technology failure / infestation / plague / epidemic / failure or disruption to an emergency service / war like act
- causes / May cause loss of life / injury / illness / distress / in anyway endangers the safety of the public
- cannot be dealt with by emergency services
48
What if state of local emergency needs to be terminated?
The person who is authorised to declare the state of local emergency - may terminate the state of local emergency
- DOES NOT need to be the person who declared the state of emergency
49
What needs to be considered about the area affected?
Decelerations should be limited to the area(s) affected.
Eg - local emergency does NOT need to be declared for the entire area - if the emergency only effects one or two districts.
This is because states of emergency provide for powers that are not normally available
50
When to use CIMS?
- fire
- environmental incidents
- public disorder
- search & rescue
- environmental incidents
- natural hazard incidents
- multiple / mass casualties
- pandemic (communicable disease outbreak)
- public health / medical emergencies
- transportation accidents
- planned events / celebrations / parades / official visits / concerts)
- technological failures
- bio security incursions
- food safety incidents
- hazardous substance incidents
- marine mammal strandings
-
51
Why CIMS?
Valuable tool to provide
- structure
- roles
- processes
To teams managing incident response
52
What are the aims of RESPONSE (components of emergency Management)
- preserve life
- prevent escalation of emergency
- maintain law & order
- care for sick / injured / dependant
- provide essential services
- preserve governance
- protect assets (including buildings)
- protect natural / physical resources
- provide animal welfare
- preserve economic / social activity
53
Other pieces of legislation that have provisions to activate and use emergency powers when necessary
- Health Act 1956
- Fire & Emergency NZ Act 2017
- Defence Act 1990
- Resource Management Act 1991
- Biosecurity Act 1993
- Maritime Transport Act 1994
- Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996
- Terrorism suppression Act 2002
- Civil Defence Emergency Management Act 2002
- Local Government Act 2002
- Epidemic Preparedness Act 2006
- Policing Act 2008
54
Is a state of emergency required to be declared before the use of emergency powers?
Some statutes require this
Others allow for the use of emergency powers by appropriately appointed people
55
What are the principles of CIMS?
- Responsiveness to Community needs
- flexibility
- Unity of effort
56
Who is in an incident management team?
- a Response Manager
- Technical experts
- health & safety advisors
- iwi representation
57
What are the 7 functions of CIMS?
1) Control (function)
2) Intelligence
3) planning
4) operations
5) logistics
6) PIM (Public Information Management)
7) welfare
58
S86
Civil Defence Emergency Management Act 2002
Evacuation of premises and places
- if a state of emergency is in force
- necessary for the preservation of human life
- a person authorised may direct
a) the evacuation of any premises or place - including public place
Or
b) exclusion of persons or vehicles from any premises / place. Including public places
59
S87 Civil Defence Emergency management Act 2002
Entry on premises
- if a State of Emergency is in force
- a controller / Constable / person acting under authority
- may enter - if necessary BREAK INTO
- any premises or place
- within the area which the state of emergency is in force
- believes on REASONABLE grounds action is necessary for
a) saving life / preventing injury / rescuing and removing injured or endangered persons
Or
b) permitting or facilitating the carrying out of any urgent measure - for the relief of suffering or distress
60
S88 Civil Defence Emergency Management Act 2002.
Closing roads & public places
- if a state if emergency is in force
- controller / Constable / authorised person
- in order to prevent / limit the extent of an emergency
- totally or partially
- prohibit or restrict
- public access
- with or without vehicles
- to any road or public place
- within the area or district where a state of Emergency is in force.
61
S89 Civil Defence Emergency Management Act 2002
Removal of aircraft / vessels / vehicles
- if a state of emergency is in force
- a controller / Constable / authorised person
- May - in order to prevent / limit the extent of the emergency
a) remove from any place
- Within the area / district where a state of emergency is in force
- any aircraft / hovercraft / ship / ferry / other vessel / train / vehicle
- impeding civil defence emergency
AND
b) if necessary for that purpose
Use force or break into the above
