chapter 8: cognitive development in early childhood Flashcards
Define
Egocentrism
inability to take another persons point of view or perspective
Define
Animism
beleif that inanimate objects are alive and have feelings and intentions
Define:
Centration
tendency to focus attention on one part of a stimulus or situation and exclude all others
Define:
irreversibility
failure to understand that reversing a process can often undo a process and restore the original state
Define:
vygotsky’s sociocultural theory
mental activity/ cognition is influenced by culture, specifically, the cultural tools that members of a culture have
define
guided participation and scaffolding
children learn through guided participation in which the partner is attuned to the needs of the child of the child and help him or her accoomplish more than the child could do alone
Answer:
What does self talk help a child do?
self regulate of impulse and behave appropriately
Answer:
What percentage of utterances by children 4-10 years of age is self talk?
20% -50%
Answer:
What does self talk help children do?
Helps in self regulation of imoulse and behaving appropriately
Answer:
When do children use self talk most?
when working on difficult tasks or without adult supervision
Answer:
When does self talk fade?
during elementary school
fades to whisper/silent
define:
Autobiographical memory
refers to memory of personally meaningful events that took place at a specific time or place in ones past
define:
theory of mind
refers to children’s awareness of their own and other peoples mental processes
define
False belief
young children do not yet understand people can hold different beleifs and that some may be incorrect
define:
context
social and contextual factors may influence the specific pattern of theory of mind development
Define
Metacognition
young children demonstrate a growing ability for understanding the mind
Answer:
At age 2 about how many words does a child know
500 words
Answer:
At age 3 how many words does a child know
900-1000 words
define
At age 6 how many words does a child know
14,000 words
define
overegulization errors
applying a rule they learned such as past tense bc they apply grammatical rules too stringent
define
social learning theory
views all behavior, including moral behavior as acquired through reinforcement and modeling
define
cognitive develpoment theory
views moral development through a cognitive lens and examines reasoning about moral issues as either right or wrong
define
heteronomous morality
piagets first stage of moral development in which children view rules as strict and to be obeyed
define
preconventional reasoning
Kohlber posed hypothetical dilemmas to children to see how they reasoned about right and wrong
