chapter 5: cognitive development in infancy Flashcards
Answer:
who was the first scientist to systematically examine children thinking?
Jean Piaget
Fill in the blank
Piaget viewed children as __ who learn by interacting with the world
Piaget viewed children as active explorers who learn by interacting with the world
What are:
cognitive schemas
mental structures that individuals use to organize knowledge
Definition:
Accommodation
modifying the schema
Definition:
Cognitive disequilibrium
cognitive growth due to mismatch between schemas and reality
what is:
sensorimotor substage 1:
(AKA, Age, what happens)
reflexes (birth-1 month):
newborns use reflexes, such as sucking to react to stimuli
What is:
sensorimotor substage 2
(AKA, Age, what happens?)
primary circular reactions (1-4 months)
repeating actions that produce pleasurable or interesting stimuli
what is:
sensorimotor substage 3
(AKA, age, what happens?)
secondary circular reactions (4-8 months)
repetitions of actions that trigger responses in the external environment
What is:
sensorimotor substage 4
(AKA, Age, What happens?)
coordination of secondary circular reactions (8-12 months)
represents true means end behavior and signifies the beginning of intentions; behavior and object permanence
What is:
sensorimotor substage 5
(AKA, Age, What happens?)
tertiary circular reactions (12-18 months)
indicate active purposeful, trial and error exploration
What is:
sensorimotor substage 6
(AKA, Age, what happens?)
mental representation (18-24 months):
representational thought
what is:
violation of expectation task
a task in which a stimulus appears to violate physical laws
Answer:
what does the violation of expectation task measure?
infants understanding of object permanence
infants look at unexpected tasks longer than expected tasks indicating they have a sense of object permanence
What is:
sensory memory
holds incoming sensory information in its original form
What is:
working memory
happens when we direct our attention or awareness, on information
What is:
long term memory
stores information indefinitely
Definition
attention
ability to direct our awareness
Answer
what improves with development of prefrontal cortex?
working memory
Answer:
how is working memory assessed in infants
observing reaching and looking behaviors
what is
recognition memory
long term memory
the ability to recognize a previously encountered stimuli
definition
categorization
grouping different stimuli into a common class
Answer
what are infants earliest categories
perceived similarities of objects
Answer
intelligence refers to
individuals ability to adapt to the world
Answer
intelligence tests are used to measure what?
individual differences or variation from one individual to another
