chap 6.: socioemotional development in infancy and childhood

Question 1

Answer

who believed in infants progress through two psychosocial stages

Answer 1

Erik Erikson

Question 2

Answer:

how do infants develop trust?

Answer 2

if their needs are fulfilled

Question 3

Answer:

how do infants develop mistrust?

Answer 3

when care givers are neglectful or inconsistent

Question 4

Answer:

how do toddlers develop autonomy?

Answer 4

parents encourage toddlers to do things themselves

Question 5

Answer:

when do toddlers develop shame

Answer 5

when the parents are overprotective

Question 6

Fill in the blank

basic emotions are known as ___ ___

Answer 6

primary emotions

Question 7

examples of 7 universal emotions

3 points

Answer 7

*empathy
*pride
*embarrassment

Question 8

what are:

emotional display rules

interactions are shaped by what? influences what?

Answer 8

every interaction between parent and infant is shaped by their culture and influences their emotion expressions

Question 9

Definiton:

stranger wariness

Answer 9

fear of unfamiliar people

Question 10

definition:

temperament

Answer 10

basic building blocks of emotion and personality

the characteristic way in which an individual approaches and reacts to people and situations

Question 11

list

aspects of temperament

4 points

Answer 11

• activity level
• irritability
• attention
• sociability of approach withdrawal

Question 12

List:

profiles of tempermant according to Thomas and chess

3 points

Answer 12

• easy
• difficult
• slow to warm

Question 13

goodness of fit

Answer 13

fit between infants temperament and caregivers temperment

Question 14

def: attachment

Answer 14

emotional tie between two people who strive to maintain closeness to the other and act to ensure that the relationship continues

Question 15

how to behavior theorists explain attachment

Answer 15

result of infants associating their mothers with food a powerful reinforcer

Question 16

bowlbys ethological perspective attachment

Answer 16

babies have a repertoire of behavioral signals to which adults naturally attend and respond

Question 17

phases of attachment (Bowlby)

Answer 17

preattachment
early attachment
attachment
reciprocal relationships

Question 18

who developed the strange situation

Answer 18

Mary Ainsworth

Question 19

secure attachment:

Answer 19

infants show distress when separated form the caregiver but soon develop comfort and are easily comforted when the caregiver comes back

Question 20

insecure-resistant- anxious attachment:

Answer 20

infants experience high level of distress and they seek comfort and try to punish parents for leaving when they return

Question 21

insecure avoidant attachment:

Answer 21

infants show no level of distress when parents leave and when they come back they ignore/avoid the caregiver

Question 22

disorganized- insecure attachment

Answer 22

children express confusion there responses when the caregiver returns. might run to and pull away or hit them

Question 23

what does self awareness in infants mean

Answer 23

infants are born with capacity to distinguish the self from surrounding environment

Question 24

def: self recognition

Answer 24

ability to recognize or identify self

Question 25

categorial self:

Answer 25

a self description based on broad categories such as sex age and physical characteristics

Question 26

Answer

at what age do claims of possession emerge

Answer 26

21 months

Question 27

claims of possession are the beginning of what?

Answer 27

self concept

Question 28

self control:

Answer 28

ability to modify behavior in accordance with caregiver demands

permitted by self awareness and emerging self concept