Chapter 8 Body Mechanics & Patient Mobility Flashcards
Slide show notes
What ranks second in occupational injuries?
Back injuries.
Name the life span considerations for older adults?
Skin fragile, support joints when moving in bed, weakness, orthostatic hypotension, and altered sensory perception.
Why do we use proper body mechanics?
Protects large muscle groups from injury, provides saftey.
What are the principles of body mechanics?
Maintain appropriate body alignment, maintain wide base of support, bend knees and hips, and do not bend from waist.
What is mobility?
Ability to move around freely.
Purposes of mobility.
Exercise, express emotions, attain basic needs, perform recreational activities, and daily living activities.
What is immobility?
Inability to move around freely.
Complications of immobility.
Muscle atrophy and asthenia ( muscle weakness), contractures, osteoporosis, pressure ulcer, constipation, pneumonia, and pulmonary embolism.
What are some assistive devices?
Pillows, foot boots, trochanter rolls, sand bags, nd trapeze bars.
A patient was admitted to the hospital with a fractured hip. which are complications of immobility? ( SAP)
Embolus ( circulation), and pressure ulcer.
Dorsal
lying flat on back
Dorsal recumbent
supine lying on back, head, and shoulder with extremities moderately flexed.
Fowler’s
Head of bed is raised 45- 60 degrees
Semi- Fowler’s
head of bed raised 30 degrees.
Orthopneic
sitting up in the bed at 90 degrees angle or sometimes resting in forward tilt while supported by pillow on overbed table.
sims’
lying on side with knee and thigh drawn toward chest
prone
lying face down in horizontal position
Genupectoral ( knee- chest)
kneels so weight of body is supported by knees and chest, abdomen raised, head turned to one side and arms flexed.
Lithotomy
lying supine with hips and knees flexed, thighs abducted and rotated externally.
Trendelenburg’s
head is low, body and legs are on inclined plane
Ranges to know that will be on test.
Supine, sims’, prone, knee chest, dorsal recumbent, standing, knee- chest, sitting, squatting, and lithotomy.
A patient has a nasogastric tube and is receiving tube feedings. While in bed, the patient is to be kept in what position?
Semi- Fowlers’.
CMS Circulation movement sensation
neurovascular function or circulation, movement, sensation
What do LPN/LVN’S check for during neurovascular status assessment?
LPN/ LVN’S check skin color, temperature, movement, sensation, capillary refill, and pain.
What are causes and symptoms of Compartment syndrome ( diagnosis)?
Muscle pain, paresthesia ( tingling and burning or feeling of pins and needles in affected area). Numbness and paralysis.
Causes- repetitive movement during exercise. Very common gets worse.
Chart to the negative what’s abnormal, chart to not lose patient care.
What are ROM exercises?
Movement of the body that involves the muscles and joints in natural directional movements.
Active
performed by patient
Passive
performed by caregivers.
Neck and cervical spine
flexion, extension, hyperextension, lateral flexion, and rotation.
Shoulder
Flexion, extension, hyperextension, abduction, adduction, internal and external rotation, and circumduction
Elbow
Flexion, hyperextension, extension.
Forearm
Supination, pronation
Wrist
Flexion, extension, hyperextension, radial and ulnar flexion.
Fingers
Flexion, abduction, adduction.
Thumb
flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, opposition.
Hip
Flexion, extension, hyperextension, abduction, adduction, internal and external rotation, circumduction.
Knee
Flexion, extension.
Ankle
dorsiflexion, plantar flexion.
Foot
inversion, eversion
Toes
Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction
Name some life span considerations
inadequate calcium intake, depression, arthritic, and chronic illness.
