Chapter 8 Body Mechanics & Patient Mobility

Question 1

What ranks second in occupational injuries?

Answer 1

Back injuries.

Question 2

Name the life span considerations for older adults?

Answer 2

Skin fragile, support joints when moving in bed, weakness, orthostatic hypotension, and altered sensory perception.

Question 3

Why do we use proper body mechanics?

Answer 3

Protects large muscle groups from injury, provides saftey.

Question 4

What are the principles of body mechanics?

Answer 4

Maintain appropriate body alignment, maintain wide base of support, bend knees and hips, and do not bend from waist.

Question 5

What is mobility?

Answer 5

Ability to move around freely.

Question 6

Purposes of mobility.

Answer 6

Exercise, express emotions, attain basic needs, perform recreational activities, and daily living activities.

Question 7

What is immobility?

Answer 7

Inability to move around freely.

Question 8

Complications of immobility.

Answer 8

Muscle atrophy and asthenia ( muscle weakness), contractures, osteoporosis, pressure ulcer, constipation, pneumonia, and pulmonary embolism.

Question 9

What are some assistive devices?

Answer 9

Pillows, foot boots, trochanter rolls, sand bags, nd trapeze bars.

Question 10

A patient was admitted to the hospital with a fractured hip. which are complications of immobility? ( SAP)

Answer 10

Embolus ( circulation), and pressure ulcer.

Question 11

Dorsal

Answer 11

lying flat on back

Question 12

Dorsal recumbent

Answer 12

supine lying on back, head, and shoulder with extremities moderately flexed.

Question 13

Fowler’s

Answer 13

Head of bed is raised 45- 60 degrees

Question 14

Semi- Fowler’s

Answer 14

head of bed raised 30 degrees.

Question 15

Orthopneic

Answer 15

sitting up in the bed at 90 degrees angle or sometimes resting in forward tilt while supported by pillow on overbed table.

Question 16

sims’

Answer 16

lying on side with knee and thigh drawn toward chest

Question 17

prone

Answer 17

lying face down in horizontal position

Question 18

Genupectoral ( knee- chest)

Answer 18

kneels so weight of body is supported by knees and chest, abdomen raised, head turned to one side and arms flexed.

Question 19

Lithotomy

Answer 19

lying supine with hips and knees flexed, thighs abducted and rotated externally.

Question 20

Trendelenburg’s

Answer 20

head is low, body and legs are on inclined plane

Question 21

Ranges to know that will be on test.

Answer 21

Supine, sims’, prone, knee chest, dorsal recumbent, standing, knee- chest, sitting, squatting, and lithotomy.

Question 22

A patient has a nasogastric tube and is receiving tube feedings. While in bed, the patient is to be kept in what position?

Answer 22

Semi- Fowlers’.

Question 23

CMS Circulation movement sensation

Answer 23

neurovascular function or circulation, movement, sensation

Question 24

What do LPN/LVN’S check for during neurovascular status assessment?

Answer 24

LPN/ LVN’S check skin color, temperature, movement, sensation, capillary refill, and pain.

Question 25

What are causes and symptoms of Compartment syndrome ( diagnosis)?

Answer 25

Muscle pain, paresthesia ( tingling and burning or feeling of pins and needles in affected area). Numbness and paralysis. Causes- repetitive movement during exercise. Very common gets worse. Chart to the negative what's abnormal, chart to not lose patient care.

Question 26

What are ROM exercises?

Answer 26

Movement of the body that involves the muscles and joints in natural directional movements.

Question 27

Active

Answer 27

performed by patient

Question 28

Passive

Answer 28

performed by caregivers.

Question 29

Neck and cervical spine

Answer 29

flexion, extension, hyperextension, lateral flexion, and rotation.

Question 30

Shoulder

Answer 30

Flexion, extension, hyperextension, abduction, adduction, internal and external rotation, and circumduction

Question 31

Elbow

Answer 31

Flexion, hyperextension, extension.

Question 32

Forearm

Answer 32

Supination, pronation

Question 33

Wrist

Answer 33

Flexion, extension, hyperextension, radial and ulnar flexion.

Question 34

Fingers

Answer 34

Flexion, abduction, adduction.

Question 35

Thumb

Answer 35

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, opposition.

Question 36

Hip

Answer 36

Flexion, extension, hyperextension, abduction, adduction, internal and external rotation, circumduction.

Question 37

Knee

Answer 37

Flexion, extension.

Question 38

Ankle

Answer 38

dorsiflexion, plantar flexion.

Question 39

Foot

Answer 39

inversion, eversion

Question 40

Toes

Answer 40

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction

Question 41

Name some life span considerations

Answer 41

inadequate calcium intake, depression, arthritic, and chronic illness.