Chapter 8: Approach to the Work

Question 1

Helper Philosophical Frame

Answer 1

1960s
Views Deaf as handicapped, limited, unable to fully manage alone
Interpreter as caretaker
Tends to over-involvement: advises, directs, teaches, cajoles instead of interpret

Question 2

Conduit/Machine Philosophy

Answer 2

Interpreters not responsible for interaction or Communication dynamics between clients
Robot-like role in communication

Question 3

Communication Facilitation Philosophy

Answer 3

• early-mid 1970s
• deaf as part of larger handicapped population seeking inclusion
• ASL as useful communication mode for less educated (English is superior)
• importance of appropriate placement, facilitating visual intake, lighting background, indicate who is speaking, absence of visual noise (communication parameters)
• emphasis placed on interpreters appearance, no facial hair, piercings, jewelry, painted nails

Question 4

Bilingual-Bicultural Philosophy

Answer 4

• recognizes deaf as oppressed minority
• ASL and deaf culture are accepted norms
• interpreter to equalize communication and empower
• sensitive to physical communication parameters AND inherent differences in communication dynamics
• includes provision of linguistic and cultural equivalents
• implicit and explicit information stated

Question 5

Linguistic expansion

Answer 5

interpreting implicit info/ideas as well as explicit to guarantee full communication

Question 6

Cultural expansion

Answer 6

providing contextual information needed to make sense of differing schema or experiential base

Question 7

Cultural/linguistic reduction

Answer 7

reduces volume and detail of info without affecting intended meaning
-sometimes required to match cultural/social/communication norms

Question 8

Linguistic Need for adaptations

Answer 8

one language requires overt statement of information that is understood but understated in another language

Question 9

Cultural Need for adaptations

Answer 9

cultural norms differ from language groups

example: individual names important to English but not ASL

Question 10

Difference in Experiential frame adaptations

Answer 10

sometimes necessary to provide experientially specific information to create schema for successful conveyance and understanding