Chapter 8

Question 1

intelligence

Answer 1

the capacity to understand the world, think with rationality, and use resources effectively when faced with challenges

Question 2

intelligence quotient (IQ)

Answer 2

a score that takes into account a student’s mental and chronological age

Question 3

Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale

Answer 3

a test that consists of a series of items that vary according to the age of the person being tested

Question 4

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV (WISC-IV)

Answer 4

a test for children that provides separate measures of verbal and performance (nonverbal) skills, as well as a total score

Question 5

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV (WAIS-IV)

Answer 5

a test for adults that provides serrate measures of verbal and performance (nonverbal) skills, as well as a total score

Question 6

Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (KABC-II)

Answer 6

a children’s intelligence test permitting unusual flexibility in it administration

Question 7

crystallized intelligence

Answer 7

the store of information, skills, and strategies that people have acquired through education and prior experiences and through their previous use of fluid intelligence

Question 8

triarchic theory of intelligence

Answer 8

the belief that intelligence consists of three aspects of information processing: the componential element, the experimental element, and the contextual element

Question 9

practical intelligence

Answer 9

according to Sternberg, intelligence that is learned primarily by observing others and modeling their behavior

Question 10

emotional intelligence

Answer 10

the set of skills that underlies the accurate assessment, evaluation, expressions, and regulation of emotions

Question 11

developmental quotient

Answer 11

an overall developmental score that relates to performance in four domains: motor skills, language use, adaptive behavior, and personal and social skills

Question 12

Bayley Scales of Infant Development

Answer 12

a measure that evaluates an infant’s development from 2 to 42 months

Question 13

cross-modal transference

Answer 13

the ability to identify, using another sense, a stimulus that has previously been experienced only through one sense

Question 14

achievement test

Answer 14

a test designed to determine a person’s level of knowledge in a given subject area

Question 15

least restrictive environment

Answer 15

the setting most similar to that of children without special needs

Question 16

mainstreaming

Answer 16

a educational approach in which exceptional children are integrated as much as possible into the traditional educational system and are provided with a broad range of educational alternatives

Question 17

full inclusion

Answer 17

the integration of all students, even those with the most severe disabilities, into regular classes and all other aspects of the school and community life

Question 18

mental retardation (intellectual disability)

Answer 18

a state characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior involving conceptual, social, and practical skills

Question 19

Down syndrome

Answer 19

a genetically produced disorder that causes mental retardation

Question 20

mild retardation

Answer 20

retardation with IQ scores in the range of 50 to 55 to 70

Question 21

moderate retardation

Answer 21

retardation with IQ scores from aroundd 35 to 40 to 50 to 55

Question 22

profound retardation

Answer 22

retardation with IQ scores below 20 to 25

Question 23

acceleration

Answer 23

the provision of special programs that allow gifted students to move ahead at their own pace, even if this means skipping to higher grade levels

Question 24

enrichment

Answer 24

an approach whereby gifted students are kept at grade level but are enrolled in special programs and given individual activities to allow greater depth of study