Chapter 4 Flashcards
primary appraisal
an individual’s assessment of an event to determine whether its implications are positive, negative or neutral
secondary appraisal
a person’s answer to the question, “Can I handle it?,” an assessment of whether the coping abilities and resources on hand are adequate
psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)
the study of the relationship among the brain, the immune system, and psychological factors
psychosomatic disorders
medical problems caused by the interaction of psychological, emotions, and physical difficulties
defensive coping
unconscious strategies that distort or deny the true nature of a situation
hardiness
a personality characteristic associated with a lower rate of stress related illness
nonorganic failure to thrive
a disorder in which infants stop growing due to lack of stimulation and attention as the result of inadequate parenting
obesity
weight greater than 20% above average for a given age and height
anorexia nervosa
a severe eating disorder in which individuals refuse to eat, while denying that their behavior and appearance, which may become skeletal, are out of ordinary
bulimia
an eating disorder characterized by binges on large quantities of food, followed by purges of the food through vomiting or the use of laxatives
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
a disorder in which seemingly healthy infants die in their sleep
addictive drugs
drugs that produce a biological or psychological dependence in users, leading to increasingly powerful cravings for them
alcoholics
persons with alcohol problems who have learned to depend of alcohol and are unable to control their drinking
sexually transmitted infection (STI)
a disease that is spread through sexual contact
osteoporosis
a condition in which the bones become brittle, fragile, and thin, often brought about by a lack of calcium in the diet
Type A behavior pattern
behavior characterized by competitiveness, impatience, and a tendency toward frustration and hostility
Type B behavior pattern
behavior characterized by non competitiveness, patience, and lack of aggression
dementia
the most common mental disorder of the elderly, covering several diseases, each of which includes serious memory loss accompanied by declines in other mental functioning
Alzheimer’s disease
a progressive brain disorder that produces memory loss and confusion
female climacteric
the period that marks the transition from being able to bear children to being unable to do so
menopause
the cessation of menstruation
male climacteric
the period of physical and psychological change relating to the male reproductive system that occurs during late middle age
problem-focused coping
managing a threatening situation by directly changing it to make it less stressful (ie… hate your job, you get a new one)
emotion-focused coping
a conscious regulation of emotion (ie… looking on the bright side)
social support
assistance and comfort supplied by others
emotional insulation
defensive coping mechanism, through which people unconsciously try to block emotions and thereby avoid pain
coping style
general tendency to deal with stress in a particular way
resilience
ability to withstand, overcome, and even thrive after profound adversity
malnutrition
the condition of having an improper amount and balance of nutrients, produces several results, none good
undernutrition
in which there is some deficiency in diet
kwashiorkor
a disease in which a childs stomach, limbs, and face swell with water
marasmus
disease in which infants stops growing
