Chapter 8-9 Flashcards
Aerobic Respiration
Organism uses this to breath, eukaryotes
C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + ATP + 6H2O + Heat
3 Stages
- Glycolysis- 4 ATP produced but 2 are consumed, Occurs in cytosol/cytoplasm in aerobic and anaerobic
- Krebs (Citric Acid) Cycle- Goes twice, every turn produces 1 ATP, 2 ATP total, Occurs Mitochondria
- Electron Transport Chain- Produces 32 or 34 ATP, Occurs in Mitochondria.
Anaerobic Respiration
Organisms do not use oxygen, yeast and some bacteria
Visible Light
380-760 nm, contains rainbow colors
Red light is the longest with 760 nm
Violet is shortest with 400 nm
Gamma Rays
Shortest and most energetic rays
Photons
Energy packets, light made of photons
GMO
Genetically Modified Organism
Chloroplasts
Inside mesophyll
Stomata
Pores through which the leaves exchange gases, oxygen is released, CO2 is brought in
Grana
Stacks of thylakoids, become granum
Thylakoids
In chloroplasts, make energy, have pigments that absorb light for photosynthesis
Stoma
Fluid between grana/granum
Chlorophyll
Absorbs blue and red light, do not absorb green. Made of two parts.
Hydrocarbon chain
Porphyrin Ring
Chlorophyll A
Inititates light, dependent reactions
Hemotroph
Gets food through chemical reactions (Humans digesting food)
Autotroph
Make their own food
Phototroph
Uses light to make energy
Photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + O2
LIGHT + CHLOROPHYLL
FIVE STEPS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
- Capture Light - Chlorophyll is allowed to capture photons by photosystems
- Exciting an Electron - Photon strikes chlorophyll, exciting it
- Electron Transport - excited electron goes through a series of carries
- Make ATP - as Hydrogen atoms move through ATP synthase, it converts ADP to ATP
- Make NADPH
Calvin Cycle
Produces 12 molecules of G3P (every 2=1 glucose)
ATP and NADPH go into Calvin Cycle
CAM Plants
Open stomata at night for CO2 to come in to minimize loss of water, PEP enzyme makes CO2 which makes oxaloacetate→malatic acid, stores in vacuole and CO2 is pulled from vacuole during the day.
