Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Biology Exam Chapters 1-4 > Flashcards

Biology Exam Chapters 1-4 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Metabolism

A

Sum of all chemical activities of an organism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Development

A

All changes that take place during an organisms life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintaining a stable or balanced internal environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ecology

A

Study of how organisms relate to one another and their environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Meiosis

A

Cell division of sex cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bioremediation

A

Using organisms to break up waste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Systematics

A

Field of Biology where you study the diversity of organisms and how they evolve together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Taxonomy

A

Classifying and naming organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Carolus Linnaeus

A

Swedish botanist, created binomial system of naming organisms (species)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Taxon

A

Formal grouping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Species

A

Group of organisms that have similar structure, behavior, and function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Genus

A

Closely related species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Gene Pool

A

All genes present in a population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

3 Domains

A

Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Clade

A

Having a common ancestor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

6 Kingdoms

A

Archaea, Bacteria, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia, Protists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Carl Woese

A

Decided it was best to group animals and such by mRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Protists

A

Unicellular, simple, aquatic organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Paradigm

A

Set of assumptions or concepts that constitute a way of thinking about something

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Paradigm Shift

A

Switching the way people think due to new information or discovery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Trace Elements

A

Elements in small amounts in your body necessary for life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Atom

A

Smallest particle of an element, electrically neutral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Atomic Number

A

Number of Protons in an atomic nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Atomic Mass Unit (AMU)

A

Mass of one proton or neutron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Atomic Mass

A

Approximately how much matter an atom contains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Isotopes

A

Different forums of elements, same number of protons, different number of neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Half life

A

Amount of time for isotope to break down into half it’s amount or lose half it’s activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Autoradiograph

A

Instrument to detect radio waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Molecule

A

Bond between two or more of the same elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Compound

A

Two or more atoms that are different that are linked together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Orbitals

A

Energy level is higher farther from nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Mole

A

Amount of an element or compound whose mass in grams is equivalent to its atomic or molecular mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Ionic Bonds

A

Two atoms where the bond is formed by a transfer of electrons from 1 atom to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Nonpolar

A

Two atoms forming a bond that share electrons equally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Polar

A

Two atoms forming a bond that does not share electrons equally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Electronegativity

A

Affinity to attract electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Hydrogen Bond

A

Weak attraction found In DNA

37
Q

Redox Reaction

A

Oxidation Reduction

37
Q

Redox Reaction

A

Oxidation Reduction

38
Q

Oxidation

A

Loss of electrons

38
Q

Oxidation

A

Loss of electrons

39
Q

Reduction

A

Gain of electrons

39
Q

Reduction

A

Gain of electrons

43
Q

Oxidizing Agent

A

Atom that accepts electrons

44
Q

Reducing Agent

A

Atom that loses electrons

45
Q

Cohesion

A

When water molecules stick together. (Water moves through plants)

46
Q

Adhesion

A

Water sticks to other objects (How water gets things wet)

47
Q

Heat

A

Total amount of Kinetic energy in a sample of a substance

48
Q

Temperature

A

Measure of average kinetic energy of particles

49
Q

Heat of Vaporoization

A

Amount of heat required to change 1 gram of a substance from liquid to vapor (unit is calories)

50
Q

Calorie

A

Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius.

51
Q

Monomer

A

Simplest unit of a molecule

52
Q

Polymer

A

Made up of many monomers

53
Q

Condensation Reaction

A

Building, anabolic process, produces water (dehydration)

54
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Breaking down using H2O (hydration)

55
Q

Isomers

A

Compounds with same molecular formula but atoms are arranged differently.

56
Q

Chitin

A

Skeleton walls of fungi and insects

57
Q

Glycoproteins

A

Act as markers found on surface of cells

58
Q

Glycolipids

A

Act as markers found on surface of cells

59
Q

Saturated Fats

A

Contain maximum amount of hydrogen atoms

60
Q

Unsaturated Fats

A

Not fully saturated with Hydrogen (H2) atoms

*Bile from liver emulsifiers (breaks down into smaller pieces) fat

61
Q

Glycine

A

Simplest amino acid

62
Q

Dipolar

A

Charges are different on each end

63
Q

Domain

A

Structured area that has a certain function

64
Q

Enzymes

A

Proteins that break down polymers (complex substances) into monomers (simple molecules)

65
Q

Denaturation

A

When you cause structure of a protein to change

*heat, chemicals, pH change

66
Q

Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann

A

1939, all plants and animals made of cells

67
Q

Cell Theory

A

Cells are basic units of organization and function in all organisms, all cells come from other cells

68
Q

Magnification

A

Ratio of size of image seen with microscope compared to actual size

69
Q

Resolution

A

Capacity to distinguish fine details, minimum distance between two points at which they can both be seen separately and not as a blurred single line

70
Q

Dark Field

A

Uses contrast, light is directed from the side, and only light scattered by specimen enters lenses

71
Q

Fluorescence Microscope

A

Uses fluorescent stain on specimen

72
Q

Confocal Microscope

A

Sharper image than fluorescent, computerized, laser scanning microscope, see image in sections and computer puts them together

73
Q

Transmission Electron Microscope

A

More detail about internal structures, image focused on fluorescent screen

74
Q

Chromatin

A

Exists before cell divides

75
Q

Scanning Electron Microscope

A

More information on external structures and shape, Image focused on television screen

76
Q

Chromosomes

A

Created when Chromatin comes together

77
Q

Ribosomes

A

Made out of proteins, make polypeptides, make proteins

78
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

No Ribosomes, make lipids (found In liver)

79
Q

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Has Ribosomes, make proteins

80
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Modifies proteins, packages proteins

  • cisterneae- flattened sacks (shape)
  • In plants- produces polysaccharides for cell wall
81
Q

Lysosomes

A

Have enzymes, that breakdown bacteria and organic material, very acidic pH

*Lysosomal Storage Disease- genetic, when an enzyme is missing and enzymes break down things in your body (Tay Sachs)

82
Q

Perixosomes

A

Enzymes that breakdown inorganic substances, fatty acids, perform oxidation (found in liver/kidney)

83
Q

Vacuole

A

More in plant cells, stores water, holds food, contains enzymes, as water increases so does vacuole which increases cell size, turgor pressure helps keep cell wall in shape

84
Q

Mitochondria

A

Produce energy in animal cells in from of ATP, have their own DNA, double membrane

85
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Perform photosynthesis, contain chlorophyll (green pigment)

86
Q

Plasma Membrane

A

Bilateral that consists of polar heads and no polar tails (selective permeability)

87
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Made of 3 parts, keeps shape of cell, provide mechanical strength.

88
Q

Microfilamemts

A

Actin filaments, generate movement, creates false foot (pseudo pods)

89
Q

Microtubules

A

Hollow rods made out of Tubulin (protein), form a dimer, Cillia and Flagella are microtubules.

90
Q

Intermediate Filaments

A

Cause mechanical strength of cell. Not all animal cells have Intermediate Filaments. Failure to make Intermediate filaments leads to (ALS, Lou Gherig Disease)

Biology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions