Chapter 8 Flashcards
Which one of the following is the most accurate statement about how people perceive the world around them?
A. Visual perception is heavily dependent on sensation, whereas auditory perception is not.
B. Auditory perception is heavily dependent on sensation, whereas visual perception is not.
C. People often fill in information that they do not actually sense.
D. Perception is almost totally a function of what is sensed.
C. People often fill in information that they do not actually sense.
Nicole learns the formula “E = mc2” by repeating it to herself over and over again. Which one of the following processes is Nicole most clearly demonstrating? A. meaningful learning B. elaboration C. rehearsal D. internal organization
C. rehearsal
Travis realizes that the year World War II ended—1945—is the same year that his grandfather was born. Which one of the following processes is Travis most clearly demonstrating? A. meaningful learning B. internal organization C. rehearsal D. elaboration
A. meaningful learning
Jeff wants to remember the twelve signs of the zodiac: Aries (ram), Taurus (bull), Gemini (twins), Cancer (crab), Leo (lion), Virgo (virgin), Libra (balance), Scorpio (scorpion), Sagittarius (archer), Capricorn (goat), Aquarius (water carrier), and Pisces (fish). He does not necessarily want to remember them in any particular order. Considering research results described in the textbook, which one of the following techniques will maximize Jeff’s chances of remembering all twelve?
A. Organize the signs into three groups: people, animals, and things.
B. Study the signs exactly as they are listed above.
C. Put the signs in alphabetical order in terms of their English meanings (archer, balance, bull, etc.).
D. Put the signs in alphabetical order (Aquarius, Aries, Cancer, etc.)
A. Organize
Which one of the following most accurately describes the difference between skilled readers and beginning readers in terms of their attention to what they read?
A. Skilled readers probably attend equally to all letters in a word, whereas beginning readers often overlook the first letters of a word.
B. Skilled readers probably attend to fewer letters and words than beginning readers.
C. Skilled readers probably attend equally to all letters in a word, whereas beginning readers often overlook the last letters of a word.
D. Skilled readers probably attend to all of the words in a sentence, whereas beginning readers overlook many of the words.
B. B. Skilled readers probably attend to fewer letters and words than beginning readers.
Which one of the following teachers provides the best example of the halo effect?
A. Ms. DiStefano believes that all students can learn calculus if they study hard enough.
B. Ms. Bernadette always gives students the benefit of the doubt when they exhibit “borderline” test performance.
C. Mr. Abrams likes Frank better than Mark even though Mark is more polite of the two students.
D. Mr. Cordell overrates Cathy’s gymnastic skills because she is head cheerleader.
D. Mr. Cordell overrates Cathy’s gymn. skills because she is head cheerleader
Morris is taking an introductory Russian course. In the early weeks of the course, he studies new Russian vocabulary words 10 times each, all in the same evening. Later on, he discovers that he can remember Russian words better over the long run if he studies them twice in an evening for five evenings in a row. Morris has discovered: A. the spacing effect B. the generation effect C. the importance of consolidation D. the advantages of implicit learning
A. The spacing effect
An advantage of knowing some skills to a level of automaticity is that automaticity:
A. Lessens the working memory load for a task involving those skills
B. Facilitates the development of schemas and scripts for those skills
C. Facilitates the meaningful learning of those skills
D. Facilitates the internal organization of those skills
A. Lessons the working memory load for a task involving those skills
Mr. Gaydos wants to teach a group of people how to perform the Heimlich maneuver. Three of the following strategies should help his students learn the maneuver more effectively. Given what we know about teaching procedural knowledge, which strategy is least likely to be effective in helping students learn the procedure correctly?
A. Mr. Gaydos gives his students an opportunity to practice the maneuver on a realistic human dummy.
B. Mr. Gaydos describes Dr. Heimlich’s medical background and his motivation for developing the procedure.
C. Mr. Gaydos encourages his students to talk themselves through the procedure as they perform it.
D. Mr. Gaydos shows his students pictures of the various steps involved in the maneuver
C. Mr. Gaydos encourages his students to talk themselves through the procedure as they perform it.
As a teacher, you want your students to use effective information processing strategies as they study classroom subject matter. You consider research about the effects of classroom assessment tasks on learning, and you conclude that you should:
A. Ask many short questions rather than a few lengthy ones.
B. Give assessment tasks that require meaningful understanding of the material.
C. Assess students’ rote knowledge of the material first, then ask higher-level questions about the material in a subsequent assessment.
D. Not give paper-pencil tests at all.
B. Give assessment tasks that require meaningful understanding of the material
