Chapter 10- Cognitive Developmental Perspectives

Question 1

Who was a pioneer in individual constructivism?

Answer 1

Piaget

Question 2

Who focused on society and culture for children’ts development known as sociocultural theory?

Answer 2

Lev Vygotsky

Question 3

Theories that focuse on how children’s thinking processes change in significant qualitative ways of age and experience

Answer 3

cognitive-developmental theories

Question 4

Key Ideas in Piaget’s Theory

Answer 4

• Children are active and motivated learners
• Children organize what they learn from their experiences
• Interaction with the physical environment is ciritical for learning and cognitive dev’t
• Interaction with other people is equally critical for learning and dev’t
• Children adapt to their environment through the proceses of assimilation and accomodation
• A process of equilibration promotes progression towards increasingly complex forms of thought
• children think in qualitatively different ways at different age levels

Question 5

______________entails responding to and possibly interpreting an object or event in a way that’s consistent with an existing sheme

Answer 5

Assimilation

Question 6

Children can’t easily respond to a new object or event with existing scehmes; modifying the scheme to fit an environment

Answer 6

Accomodation

Question 7

What are 2 ways of accomodation that can occur?

Answer 7

1. modify an existing scheme to account for the object or event or else.
2. form an entirely new scheme to deal with it.

Question 8

True or False. Children are occasionally in transition from one stage to the next

Answer 8

True

Question 9

What are the 4 stages of Piaget’s stages of cognitive dev’t?

Answer 9

1. Sensorimotor Stage
2. Preoperational Stage
3. Concrete Operations Stages
4. Formal Operations Stage

Question 10

Sensorimotor Stage

Answer 10

Birth-2 years
for 1st year, behaviors are spontaneous and unplanned
Goal-directed behavior
Object permanence
Symbolic thought

Question 11

Preoperational Stage

Answer 11

2 until 6 or 7 years
language
can recall past events and envision future ones
Egocentrism-inability to view things from another person’s perspective

Question 12

Class Inclusion

Answer 12

an ability to simultaneously classify an object as belonging both to a particular category and to one of its subcategories

Question 13

Concrete Operations Stage

Answer 13

Age 6 or 7 until Age 11 or 12
thinking processes begin to involve logical operations
Conservation- if nothing is added or taken away, amount stays the same despite any changes in shape or arrangement
Limited in that they can apply their logical operations only to concrete, observable objects & Events

Question 14

Formal Operations Stage

Answer 14

Age 11 or 12 through Adulthood
Abstract concepts, hypothetical ideas, contrary to fact statements
Proportional thinking (comprehend nature in various forms)
Separation and control of variables

Question 15

NeoPiagetian Theories

Answer 15

1. Cognitive dev’t is constrained by the maturation of information processing mechanisms in the brain.
2. Children acquire new knowledge through both unintentional and intentional learning processes
3. Children acquire cognitive structures that affect their thinking in particular content domains
4. Dev’t in specific content domains can sometimes be characterized as a series of stages
5. Formal schooling has a greater influence on cognitive dev’t than Piaget believed.

Question 16

Central conceptual structures

Answer 16

Robbie Case
integrated networks of concepts and congitive processes that form the basis for much of children’s thiniking, reasoning, and learning in particular areas
Mathematical quanitities, spacial relationships, social thought

Question 17

Which one of the following statements best describes Piaget’s view of how children acquire knowledge about the world?
A. Initially, children unconsciously develop a rather complex and confused view of the world, but this view becomes simpler and more straightforward as time goes on.
B. Children actively construct their own view of the world from their experiences with the environment.
C. Children are naturally disposed to think about their environment in particular ways; in a sense, some basic knowledge about the world is “pre-wired.”
D. Children repeatedly parrot their parents’ and teachers’ beliefs, eventually internalizing these beliefs as their own “knowledge.”

Answer 17

B. Children actively construct their own view of the world from their experiences with the environment

Question 18

In Piaget’s theory, a scheme can best be described as:
A. A general lifestyle or cultural pattern
B. A set of motor skills that preschoolers develop
C. A set of motor skills that preschoolers develop
D. A mental picture of oneself

Answer 18

B or C- set of motor skills that preschoolers develop

Question 19

Louis receives a new soccer ball and begins to dribble it in the same way he dribbles his basketball. His dribbling of the new ball reflects Piaget’s notion of:
   A. accommodation
 B. assimilation
 C. concrete operations
 D. cognitive structure

Answer 19

B. assimilation

Question 20

Which one of the following clearly illustrates Piaget’s concept of assimilation?
A. Five-year-old Harvey draws on the chalkboard with a large white crayon instead of with chalk.
B. A language arts teacher asks 13-year-old Reynold to think about possible adjectives other than awesome that he might use in his writing to describe interesting and enjoyable activities.
C. Eleven-year-old Mary Lou moves to a different school and purchases new clothes to fit the local fashions.
D. Eight-year-old Rowena develops the necessary eye-hand coordination for writing letters in cursive.

Answer 20

A. 5 year Harvey draws on chalkboard with a large white crayon

Question 21

Which one of the following best illustrates Piaget’s concept of accommodation?
A. After Amanda solves a set of 10 addition problems carelessly and incorrectly, she is given 10 more problems to solve.
B. Donna revises her understanding of what clouds are like when she studies them in science.
C. Carol copies what her teacher writes on the blackboard.
D. Betsy writes down her definition of a mollusk—something she learned word for word from her textbook.

Answer 21

B. Donna revises her understanding of what clouds are like when she studies them in science.

Question 22

Piaget’s sensorimotor stage is characterized by:
A. Inaccurate mental representations of the physical and biological world
B. The beginnings of conservation
C. Schemes based primarily on perceptions and behaviors
D. Basic schemes for dealing with abstract ideas

Answer 22

C. Schemes based primarily on preceptions and behaviors

Question 23

Roger is shown two piles of sand and says that each pile has the same amount. However, when one pile is flattened with a shovel, he now claims emphatically, “The flat pile has less sand.” Based on this information, Roger is probably in Piaget’s \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ stage of development.
 A. sensorimotor
   B. preoperational
 C. formal operations
 D. concrete operations

Answer 23

B. preoperational

Question 24

Which one of the following strategies is most likely to help students learn from a discovery learning activity?
A. Providing an abstract overview of the discovery session ahead of time
B. Encouraging students to interpret their observations in ways that confirm their initial expectations
C. Making sure students always remain in equilibrium
D. Providing some structure to guide students’ explorations

Answer 24

D. Providing some structure to guide student’s explorations

Question 25

Which one of the following would Piaget be least likely to advocate for elementary school children?
A. Laboratory-type experiences with physical objects
B. Lectures that describe interesting scientific facts
C. Field trips to hands-on science museums
D. Discussions with classmates

Answer 25

B. Lectures that describe interesting scientific facts

Question 26

From Piaget’s perspective, why might it be wise to postpone the teaching of complex fractions until middle school or high school?
A. Younger students haven’t acquired proportional reasoning.
B. Younger students can’t learn complex equations.
C. Younger students haven’t attained conservation.
D. Younger students don’t know their math facts well enough.

Answer 26

A. Younger students haven’t acquired proportional reasoning