Chapter 8

Question 1

Factors to consider when choosing an extinguishing agent are:

Answer 1

Expense
Availability
How well it works (efficiency)

Question 2

___ and the ___ of the extinguishing agent are two closely related topics.

Answer 2

Fire behavior

Properties

Question 3

At ___ and up water becomes a gas (steam).

Answer 3

212°f

Question 4

At 212°f water expands ___ times it original volume and the hotter the temp the greater the expansion.

Answer 4

1,700 times

Question 5

Water extinguishes fire in 3 ways:

Answer 5

Cools the burning material
Smothers the fire
Separates the fuel form the heat

Question 6

When converted to steam, water can smother the fire by displacing the oxygen in the room but ___ the fire remains the main reason water extinguishes fire.

Answer 6

Cooling

Question 7

The amount of water needed is known as the ___.

Answer 7

Flow requirement

Question 8

NFA formula:

Answer 8

NFF = ((Length x width) / 3) x percentage of building involved

Question 9

Iowa formula:

Answer 9

NFF = V(volume)/100

Question 10

___: Most widely used, many variations; adjustable gallonage, automatic gallonage, fixed gallonage, and low pressure and high pressure.

Answer 10

Fog nozzles

Question 11

___ have better cooling capabilities than any other nozzle, because of the thousands of tiny droplets of water increasing surface area, but they can disturb the natural thermal layers of afire if applied incorrectly.

Answer 11

Fogs

Question 12

Proper ___ is critical to the proper use of fog nozzles.

Answer 12

Ventilation

Question 13

Problem with fog nozzles, require ___ psi at the nozzle to create an effective stream.

Answer 13

100 psi

Question 14

New fog nozzles are capable of operating effectively at pressures less than 100 psi, typically ___ psi.

Answer 14

75 psi

Question 15

One of the benefits of a ___ is it creates a stream that does not generally disturb the thermal layers of the fire or push the heat and gasses into other areas, which can increase the survivability for occupants and typically results in fewer steam burn injuries to firefighters.

Answer 15

Smooth bore

Question 16

Most ___ have a special type of application; for example a ___ nozzle or a ___ nozzle. In both of these nozzles, the application of water is done blindly.

Answer 16

Broken stream nozzles

Piercing nozzles or a cellar nozzle

Question 17

All of the friction loss formulas figure friction loss in ___ feet of hose.

Answer 17

100 feet

Question 18

A simple friction loss formula is:

Answer 18

FL = Q(Q+Q+1)

Question 19

The formula for determining GPM is:

Answer 19

GPM = 29.7(D)² x √NP

Question 20

___ generally, has been created for HAZMAT and Class A fires.

Answer 20

Foam

Question 21

Foams are commonly used for 2 basic types of haz-mats: ___(petroleum based) and ___(alcohol based).

Answer 21

Hydrocarbons (petroleum based)

Polar Solvents (alcohol based)

Question 22

Foam has 4 components:

Answer 22

air, water, foam solution, and agitation

Question 23

___% or more of foam is water.

Answer 23

90%

Question 24

Most manufacturers of foam require that they be proportioned at ___% for polar solvents and ___% for hydrocarbons.

Answer 24

6%

3%

Question 25

Application of foam depends on the ___, the ___, the ___, and the ___.

Answer 25

Type of foam used
Type of incident
Topography
Equipment used

Question 26

Aqueous film forming foam, AFFF, and film forming floor protein foams are generally ___ for hydrocarbons and ___ for polar solvents.

Answer 26

.10

.24

Question 27

AFFF alcohol type concentrate is applicable to both classes; 3% for hydrocarbons and 6% for polar solvents. It an be used on ___ if proportioned very low (___%).

Answer 27

Class A

1%

Question 28

Use of class A foams has grown in recent years due to woodland application and it has very low proportion rates, usually less than ___%.

Answer 28

1%

Question 29

___ foam acts as an AFFF ATC-type foam but can be used on both polar solvent and hydrocarbons at 3%.

Answer 29

Gold foam

Question 30

Bubbles from CAFS stay together longer and provide a ___% better drain time for the foam.

Answer 30

25%

Question 31

Dry chemical extinguishers can be used as A-B-C (___) or B-C (___) extinguishers.

Answer 31

Multi-purpose

Ordinary-purpose

Question 32

Common dry chem extinguishers in B-C:

Answer 32

Sodium bicarbonate
Potassium bicarbonate
Potassium chloride

Question 33

Common dry chem extinguishers in A-B-C:

Answer 33

Mono-ammonium phosphate
Barium sulfate
Ammonium phosphate

Question 34

___ are special purpose agents used for specific applications such as combustible metals (___).

Answer 34

Dry powders

Class D

Question 35

Wet chemical extinguishers = ___.

Answer 35

Class K

Question 36

___ is used primarily on class B and C fires and come in portable or wheeled extinguishers, and work by smothering.

Answer 36

Carbon Dioxide (CO²)

Question 37

___: An extinguishing agent available in the 1980’s and early 1990’s.

Answer 37

Halon

Question 38

Halon… Banned from production under the ___ because it depletes ozone.

Answer 38

Clean Air Act of 1994

Question 39

Once discharged, Halon systems can only be refilled with ___ or ___.

Answer 39

Recycled Halon or a different agent

Question 40

Two types of Halon; ___ (liquid) and ___ (gas).

Answer 40

Halon 1211 (liquid)

Halon 1301 (gas)

Question 41

Halon… ___ was primarily used for protecting sensitive electronic equipment because it did not leave a residue; also used on high end boats and yachts.

Answer 41

Halon 1301

Question 42

___: The pressure on a water distribution system during normal demand.

Answer 42

Normal Operating pressure

Question 43

___: The tactic of introducing foam at he bottom of a bulk storage tank, allowing the foam to float to the top and blanket the product.

Answer 43

Subsurface Injection

Question 44

___: Water soluble compounds such as alcohol; require foams that are alcohol-type concentrates (ATC).

Answer 44

Polar Solvents