Chapter 5 Flashcards
NFPA ___ : Standard on types of building construction.
NFPA 220
Type V construction
Frame (wood)
Type IV construction
Heavy Timber
Type III construction
Ordinary Construction
Type II construction
Noncombustible
Type I construction
Fire Resistive
Type V : Wood Frame… 5 types
Balloon Frame Platform Frame Post and Beam Plank and Beam Truss Frame
The main point to remember in the performance of wood as a structural member is ___.
Surface to mass ratio
___ is the key factor in fire performance of wood.
Mass
Type V construction… ___ was common throughout building construction from the 1800’s to the end of WW2.
Balloon Frame
Type V construction… Sometimes called western framing, is the most common type of new frame construction in use today.
Platform Frame
Platform frame construction can be used on building up to ___ stories.
3
The ___ is a typical post and beam construction.
Barn
Barns have a ___ floor and roof system.
Plank and beam
Post and Beam… Minimum dimensions for the roof planks are ___ inches with beams set ___ to ___ feet apart.
2”
6’ to 8’
Post and Beam… Minimum dimensions for post and beams is ___.
4”x4”
____ : similar to post and beam but uses much larger beams.
Plank and beam
Type V construction… Used in large residential structures, commercial building, churches, and places of assembly.
Plank and Beam
Type V construction… Floors are typically which tongue and groove planks.
Plank and beam
A very common and controversial construction method is ___ construction
Lightweight truss
The ___ is an engineered construction in which the entire structure is tied together into a unitized frame.
Truss Frame
Truss frame structures can be built up to ___ stories.
3
The hazard is that wood carries its load by mass. The truss is constructed of the lightest weight and the smallest dimension lumber possible, typically ___.
2”x4”
A gusset plate is about ___ inches thick.
.05 inches
Bowstring trusses can span ___ to ___ feet and spaced ___ feet on center.
50 to 100
20 feet
Gusset plates can also be called gang nailers, staple plates, or metal tooth plate connectors. The metal staple is designed to penetrate the wood from ___ to ___ inches.
.25 to .375
Treating wood with ___ and ___ to protect from fire caused a problem. When used in roofing systems, the plywood begins to deteriorate due to high humidity and temperature in attics an cock lofts.
Phosphates and Sulfates
Type IV : heavy timber, aka ___ construction, commonly found in old industrial buildings.
Mill construction
Type IV construction… The large wooden columns are greater than ___ inches and can be used for buildings up to ___ stories tall.
8”x8”
8 stories
Type IV construction… The floors are typically ___ inches or greater in thickness and are built using ___ inch tongue and groove construction laid crossways.
3 inches
1 inch
Large sections of woods more than ___ inches thick can have more fire resistance than exposed steel.
6 inches
___ is composed of masonry load bearing walls with wood joisted floors and wood roof.
Ordinary construction
Type III: Ordinary… Load earring walls consist of brick, concrete block, or both. The thickness of the walls can vary from ___ to ___ inches.
6 to 30 inches
Type III: Ordinary… They typically run ___ to ___ stories tall, although they have been built to heights of ___ stories.
1 to 3 stories
10 stories
Fire cut joists have a ___ cut on them.
30°
The ordinary construction building has the load bearing wall along the ___ part of the building.
Longest
This device is used to spread a load between two or more structural members.
Spreader
There are ___ types of spreaders.
2
Spreaders… A rod or cable runs parallel to the joists and ties the wall together to increase the stability of either or both walls.
Type 1
Spreaders… Tensile members, rod or cable, run perpendicular to the joists and tie the first 3 or 4 joists to the wall. May be part of an original design of heavy timber building, or they may be added to a building to support a weak wall.
Type 2
Employs building materials that will not add to the fire development, but that can suffer from the effects of fire.
Type II : non combustible
The invention of steel and the use of steel as a building material began the era of ___ buildings.
Fire resistive
Rule of thumb for expansion of steel is ___.
1 inch for every 10 feet at approx 800°F
Can be used in all 5 types of construction.
Truss construction
Top chord is ___ and the bottom chord is in ___.
Compressed
Tension
Top and bottom members are called chords, inside members are called ___, tied together with connecting members called ties, and connections are called panel points.
Web
The most dangerous truss is the ___ truss.
Bowstring truss
The most common truss for roof construction is the ___ truss.
Peaked roof
The truss is triangular in shape to provide the peaked roof. The trusses are placed close together ___ to ___ inches on center.
16” to 24”
The metal strapping used in truss construction improves the roofs ability to withstand ___ forces.
Lifting
The ___ truss is used for both roofs and floors.
Parallel chord
Parallel chord trusses used in type 2 commercial structures are typically ___.
All steel
___ is the void space between chords of a truss. Becomes the location for electrical wiring, HVAC, and other utilities to be placed.
Interstitial space
The steel bar parallel chord truss is used for both roofs and floors in unprotected steel trusses, the steel can begin to lose strength at ___ and fail around ___.
800°F
1000°F
Engineered wood I-beam, the top and bottom boards are called ___.
Flanges
The top or bottom member of a truss.
Chord
The inside members of a the truss.
Web
