Chapter 8

Question 1

What is research design?

Answer 1

Blueprint for conducting a study

Question 2

Design validity

Answer 2

Study findings are an accurate reflection of reality

Question 3

Non-experimental design

Answer 3

Descriptive and correlational designs are also called non-experimental design because the focus is on examining variables as they naturally occur in environments and not on the implementation of a treatment

Question 4

Cross-sectional design

Answer 4

Involves examining a group of subjects simultaneously in various stages of development, levels of education, severity of illness, or stages of recovery to describe changes in a phenomenon across stages

Question 5

Longitudinal design

Answer 5

Involves collecting data from the same subjects at different points in time and might also be referred to as repeated measures

Question 6

Quasi-experimental and Experimental studies are designed to examine?

Answer 6

Causality or the cause and effect relationship between a researcher implemented treatment and selected study outcome

Question 7

Causality

Answer 7

Basically says that things have causes, and causes lead to effects

Question 8

Low statistical power

Answer 8

Increases the probability of concluding that there is no significant difference between samples when actually there is a difference (type II error)

Question 9

Type II Error

Answer 9

is most likely to occur when the sample size is small or when the power of the statistical test to determine differences is low

Question 10

RCT Randomized control trial

Answer 10

Is noted to be the strongest methodology for testing the effectiveness of a treatment because of the elements of the design that limit the potential for bias

Question 11

Mixed methods approaches

Answer 11

Characterized as research that contains elements of both qualitative and quantitative approaches