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Physics⚡️ > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is displacement?

A

measures the distance and direction between a start and end point in a straight line

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2
Q

what is a vector?

A

a physical quantity with a direction and size (magnitude)

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3
Q

what is a scalar?

A

a physical quantity with just size (magnitude)

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4
Q

difference between speed and velocity

A

speed is a scalar - it just has a size

velocity is a vector - it has size and direction

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5
Q

typical speed of a person walking

A

1.5 m/s

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6
Q

typical speed of a person running

A

3 m/s

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7
Q

typical speed of a person cycling

A

6 m/s

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8
Q

typical speed of a car

A

25 m/s

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9
Q

typical speed of a train

A

55 m/s

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10
Q

typical speed of a plane

A

250 m/s

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11
Q

what is distance?

A

how far an object has moved

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12
Q

what does the direction of an arrow represent?

A

the direction of the vector quantity

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13
Q

what does the length of the arrow represent?

A

the magnitude of the vector quantity

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14
Q

what is a force?

A

a push or pull on an object because of its interaction with another object

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15
Q

what is a contact force?

A

when two objects must touch eachother to interact

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16
Q

Newton’s Third Law states:

A

when two objects interact with eachother, they exert equal and opposite forces on eachother

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17
Q

what is the driving force on a car?

A

the force that makes it move

18
Q

what is force measured in?

A

Newtons (N)

19
Q

what is a resultant force?

A

a single force that has the same effect on the object as all the forces combined

20
Q

Newton’s First Law states:

A

if the forces acting on an object are balanced, the resultant force is 0
if the object is at rest, it stays stationery
if the object is moving, it keeps moving in the same direction with the same speed

21
Q

if an object i acted on by two unequal forces, the resultant force:

A

is equal to the difference between the two

is in the direction of the larger force

22
Q

what is a free-body force diagram?

A

it shows all the forces acting on an object without anything else being shown

23
Q

How to increase the moment? 2

A

Increasing the size of the force

increasing the distance from the pivot

24
Q

What is a moment?

A

The turning effect of a force

25
Q

How to get the maximum moment?

A

The force needs to be applied perpendicular to the spanner

26
Q

What is the load?

A

The weight of the object

27
Q

What is the effort?

A

The force we apply

28
Q

What is a force multiplier?

A

The effort we apply lifts a much bigger load

29
Q

Equation for moment

A

force x perpendicular distance from pivot

30
Q

How do bottle openers work?

A

The force you apply is further from the pivot than the edge of the cap. So, it acts as a force multiplier and we can lift the cap

31
Q

Why are racing cars so low to the ground?

A

So they don’t overturn when they go round corners

32
Q

What is the centre of mass of an object?

A

The point at which its mass can be thought of as being concentrated

33
Q

When will a hanging object stop moving?

A

When its centre of mass is directly below the point of suspension

34
Q

How to find the centre of mass of a flat object?

A

Draw on the lines of symmetry

It is where these lines cross

35
Q

What is the principle of moments?

A

For an object that is not turning, the sum of all the clockwise moments about a point = the sum of all the anticlockwise moments about a point

36
Q

How to draw a parallelogram of forces?

A

Draw the forces to scale as adjacent sides of a parellelogram

37
Q

How to draw a scale diagram?

A

Work out the different forces acting on an object and the direction
Decide on and write down a scale
Draw suitable arrows to fit

38
Q

What conditions must be present for an object to be in equilibrium? 2

A

No resultant force

No turning effect on the object

39
Q

How to resolve a force?

A

SEE FLASHCARDS

40
Q

How do gears work?

A

SEE FLASHCARDS?

41
Q

Why would a ship being pulled by tugboats move at a constant velocity?

A

The combined tug of the boats is equal to the drag force so it doesn’t accelerate but travels at a constant speed

Physics⚡️ (16 decks)

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