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Physics⚡️ > Chapter 14 - Light > Flashcards

Chapter 14 - Light Flashcards

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1
Q

what is important to remember about the angle of incidence when a light wave reflects?

A

it will equal the angle of reflection

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2
Q

why do the reflected and incident waves have the same wavelength?

A

they have the same frequency and travel at the same speed

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3
Q

what do light rays show?

A

the direction the light waves are moving in

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4
Q

what is the normal?

A

a line that is perpendicular to the mirror

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5
Q

what is the angle of incidence?

A

the angle between the incident ray and the normal

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6
Q

what is the angle of reflection?

A

the angle between the reflected ray and the normal

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7
Q

what three things is an image that is formed by a plane mirror?

A

virtual, upright and laterally inverted (back to front)

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8
Q

what is a virtual image?

A

one that is formed at the place where light rays appear to come from after they have been reflected

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9
Q

why can you see a clear image when you look in a mirror?

A

it has a smooth surface for specular reflection

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10
Q

what is specular reflection?

A

reflection from a smooth surface where parallel light rays are reflected in one direction

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11
Q

what is diffuse reflection?

A

reflection from a rough surface results in light rays being spread in different directions

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12
Q

what happens when each point on the incident wavefront reaches a barrier?

A

it creates a wavelet

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13
Q

what do wavelets do?

A

line up with other reflected wavefronts to create the reflected ray

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14
Q

what happens to the direction of a light ray when it travels into a material that is denser?

A

it moves towards the normal

the angle of refraction is smaller than the one of incidence

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15
Q

what happens to the direction of a light ray when it travels into a material that is less dense?

A

moves away from normal

angle of refraction is greater than the one of incidence

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16
Q

what is refraction?

A

when a wave crosses a boundary between materials and is refracted

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17
Q

why does refraction occur?

A

waves travel at different speeds in different densities

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18
Q

what is partial reflection?

A

when some waves cross are reflected at a boundary and others lose energy so are refracted

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19
Q

what is different about each colour?

A

different frequency and wavelength

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20
Q

what is a transparent object?

A

something that transmits all the light entering the object

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21
Q

what is a translucent object?

A

something that lets light pass through it but the light is scattered or refracted

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22
Q

why are objects translucent?

A

they have lots of internal boundaries so the direction of the light changes repeatedly

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23
Q

what is an opaque object?

A

something that absorbs all light that hits it

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24
Q

how do appliances emit different coloured lights?

A

they emit different wavelengths of light

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25
Q

how do colour filters work?

A

they absorb and transmit certain wavelengths

26
Q

what are the three primary light colours?

A

red, green and blue

27
Q

why are red, green and blue the three primary colours?

A

they can be mixed to produce any other colour of light

28
Q

what do pigments do?

A

absorb light of specific wavelengths and strongly reflect the rest

29
Q

why is a white surface white?

A

it has no pigments

it reflects all light that hits it

30
Q

why is a red book red?

A

it has pigments that absorb all of the colours apart from red, which it reflects

31
Q

what is produced when all of the primary colours are combined?

A

white light

32
Q

what happens when light hits a black object?

A

all light is absorbed

33
Q

what do colour filters do?

A

filters wavelengths so only certain ones are absorbed or transmitted

34
Q

what would a blue filter do?

A

absorb all the colours apart from blue, which it reflects and transmits

35
Q

how does a lens work?

A

it changes the direction of the light passing through it

36
Q

what does a convex lens do?

A

it makes parallel light rays converge to a focus

37
Q

what is the principal focus/focal point of a lens?

A

where the parallel rays are focused to

38
Q

use of convex lens? 3

A

magnifying glass
camera
correct long sightedness

39
Q

what does a concave lens do?

A

makes parallel light rays spread out (diverge)

40
Q

what is the principal focus of a concave lens?

A

where the rays appear to have come from

41
Q

use of concave lens?

A

correct short sightedness

42
Q

what is the focal length of a lens?

A

the distance from the lens to the principal focus

43
Q

equation for magnification from a lens

A

image height / object height

44
Q

if the magnification of an object is greater than 1, what does it tell you?

A

the image is bigger than the object

45
Q

if the magnification of an object is less than 1, what does it tell you?

A

the image is smaller than the object

46
Q

what is a real image?

A

something that can be formed on a screen

47
Q

what does a convex lens do?

A

it bulges outwards and causes light rays to converge at the principal focus

48
Q

what does a concave lens do?

A

bulges inwards and causes light rays to diverge at principal focus

49
Q

what is an axis?

A

a line passing through the centre of the lens

50
Q

what is the principal focus of a convex lens?

A

where the rays meet

51
Q

what is the principal focus of a concave lens?

A

where the rays appear to have come from

52
Q

what is the focal length?

A

the distance from the centre of the lens to the principal focus

53
Q

what are the three rules for refraction in a convex lens?

A

a ray parallel to the axis refracts through the lens and passes through the principal focus
a ray passing through the principal focus will refract through the lens and travel parallel to the axis
a ray passing through the centre of the lens carries on in the same direction

54
Q

what are the three rules for refraction in a concave lens?

A

a ray parallel to the axis refracts through the lens and appears to have come from the principal focus
a ray passing through the lens towards the principal focus will refract and travel parallel to the axis
a ray passing through the centre of the lens carries on in the same direction

55
Q

what is a virtual image?

A

when rays diverge so the light from an object appears to be coming from a different place

56
Q

what three things do you need to say about an image to describe it properly?

A

upright/inverted
real/virtual
magnified/diminished

57
Q

what does the image created by a lens depend on? 2

A

the focal length of the lens

the distance between the object and the lens

58
Q

what will an image formed by a concave lens always be?

A

virtual, upright and diminished

59
Q

what type of lens is used in a camera?

A

convex

60
Q

when is a real image formed by a convex lens?

A

when the object is further away from the principal focus

Physics⚡️ (16 decks)

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