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Physics⚡️ > Chapter 6 🕯 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 🕯 Flashcards

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1
Q

What increases when the volume of a gas decreases?

A

Pressure

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2
Q

Why does the pressure of gas increase when temperature does?

A

The molecules move faster so they hit the surface with more force more often

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3
Q

What is the specific latent heat of fusion of a substance?

A

The energy needed to change the state of 1kg of the substance from solid to liquid

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4
Q

What is the equation for specific latest heat of fusion?

A

Specific latent heat of fusion = energy / mass

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5
Q

What is latent heat?

A

The heat taken in or given out by a substance when it changes state

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6
Q

What is the specific latent heat of vaporisation?

A

The heat needed to change the substance from a liquid at its boiling point to a vapour

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7
Q

What is a substances internal energy?

A

The energy stores by the particles of a substance

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8
Q

What are the particles like in a solid?

A

Strong forces of attraction between the particles
Each particle vibrates in a fixed position
When a solid is heated, the particles’ energy stores increase and they vibrate more until they move and the solid melts

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9
Q

What are the particles like in a liquid?

A

Weaker forces of attraction
These forces of attraction are strong enough to stop the particles completely separating
When a liquid is heated, some particles gain enough energy to beak away from the others and turn into a gas above the liquid

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10
Q

What are the particles like in a gas?

A

The forces of attraction are very weak
The particles move about quickly and randomly
When heated, the particles gain more energy and so the pressure increase

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11
Q

What is a substances internal energy?

A

The energy stores by the particles of a substance

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12
Q

What are the particles like in a solid?

A

Strong forces of attraction between the particles
Each particle vibrates in a fixed position
When a solid is heated, the particles’ energy stores increase and they vibrate more until they move and the solid melts

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13
Q

What are the particles like in a liquid?

A

Weaker forces of attraction
These forces of attraction are strong enough to stop the particles completely separating
When a liquid is heated, some particles gain enough energy to beak away from the others and turn into a gas above the liquid

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14
Q

What are the particles like in a gas?

A

The forces of attraction are very weak
The particles move about quickly and randomly
When heated, the particles gain more energy and so the pressure increase

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15
Q

What does the flat section of a temperature-time graph show?

A

The melting or boiling point of a substance

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16
Q

What is the melting point of a substance?

A

The temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid

17
Q

What is the boiling point of a substance?

A

The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas

18
Q

What is the freezing point of a substance?

A

The temperature at which a liquid changes to a solid

19
Q

What is a physical change?

A

A reversible change where no new substances are produced

20
Q

What is the conservation of mass?

A

When a substance changes state, the number of particles stays the same
(The mass is conserved when it changes state)

21
Q

How does the activity of particles change with the states?

A

Solid: least active
Liquid: quite active as can flow
Gas: very active

22
Q

What is the equation for density?

A

Density = mass/volume

23
Q

How to measure the density of a solid object or liquid?

A

Measure mass and volume, then use equation d=m/v

24
Q

What makes an object float on water?

A

Objects that float on water have a lower density than it (<1000 kg/m^3)

25
Q

What does the specific heat capacity depend on?

A

How high you want the temperature
Mass
Substance

26
Q

What is the specific heat capacity?

A

The energy needed to raise 1kg of a substance by 1 degree

27
Q

What is the equation linking energy transfer and specific heat capacity?

A

Energy transferred = mass x SHC x temperature change

28
Q

What is the unit for specific heat capacity?

A

J/Kg°c

29
Q

How do stars form?

A

When dust and gas clump together because of gravitational forces

30
Q

How to calculate mass of liquid

A

Weigh container before and with liquid

Subtract weight of container from weight with water

31
Q

Why does the temperature of a gas increase if it is compressed quickly

A

Work is done but energy isn’t transferred quickly enough to the surroundings

32
Q

What is internal energy the sum of

A

The kinetic energy of the particles and the potential energy of the particles

33
Q

What are convection currents and how are they formed?

A

Energy is passed from the warm object to the nearby particles by conduction
The air becomes warmer and less dense
The warm air rises and is replaced by cool ar
This cool air is heated too
At the same time, the previously heated air transfers energy to the wsurroundings
It becomes cooler, denser and sinks
The cycle repeats

34
Q

What is radioactive contamination?

A

Unwanted presence of materials containing radioactive atoms on other materials

Physics⚡️ (16 decks)

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